Histomorphological Spectrum of Endometrial Tissue in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abstract

Introduction: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is a very common presenting complaint in patients visiting the gynaecologists all over the world. Though common, AUB can cause tremendous physical as well as emotional distress to the patient. Aim: To study the histomorphological pattern of endometrium in patients with AUB. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted during a six month period from October 2021 to March 2022 in the Department of Pathology at Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India, on 210 endometrial tissue samples of women who presented with AUB. Specimens that were received during a one year period between March 2019 and February 2020 were processed routinely and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Detailed microscopic evaluation was done and eleven different histopathological diagnoses were made. The data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet and percentages were analysed manually. Results: Maximum number of cases of AUB were seen in the 41-50 years age group. The most common histopathological pattern in this study was proliferative phase seen in 67 cases (31.90%) followed by endometrial hyperplasia which was seen in 42 cases (20.00%). The other important patterns included pregnancy related complications, 32 (15.24%), secretory phase, 24 (11.43%), disordered proliferative endometrium, 14 (6.67%), chronic endometritis 11 (5.24%) and hormonal/pill endometrium, 8 (3.81%). Endometrial malignancy was diagnosed only in one case (0.48%). Conclusion: A wide variety of histopathological patterns were found in endometrial samples in AUB across different age groups. Histopathological examination of endometrium is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of AUB.