Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs and associations with aggregated antimicrobial usage in Ireland: A herd-level exploration

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Zoonoses and Public Health Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI:10.1111/zph.13086

Andrew W. Byrne, Caroline Garvan, Julie Bolton, Amalia Naranjo-Lucena, Gillian Madigan, Máire McElroy, Rosemarie Slowey

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Abstract

Aims

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of significant global concern and is a major One Health issue. There is evidence to suggest that increased antimicrobial usage (AMU) can be associated with AMR patterns, and therefore, there have been efforts to reduce AMU in anticipation of reducing AMR emergence risk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were any associations between AMU and AMR patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from pig herds in Ireland.

Methods and Results

Data on AMR from a panel of antimicrobials (AMDs) were gathered as part of national surveillance activities. These data were associated with reported usage of AMDs, on a year-quarter basis, measured in mg/kg at a herd-level using generalized estimating equation regression analysis. Associations were tested with AMR presence or multi-drug resistance (MDR; ≥3 classes) profiles and total AMU during the contemporaneous quarter and previous quarter, respectively. Furthermore, individual and AMD class-based associations were tested. The final dataset contained 218 observations (herd-quarter usage and AMR resistance profile) from 122 herds during 2019–2021. Apparent resistance prevalence varied according to AMD type, with the highest mean prevalence found with tetracycline at 51.57% (95% CI: 45.06%–58.09%). There were significant associations between a herd obtaining a positive AMR result for any AMDs and the overall levels of AMU during the year-quarter. Furthermore, there were significant positive associations between MDR and total AMU. At the compound level, chloramphenicol resistance was significantly associated with increased usage of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline, respectively (p < 0.010). Tetracycline resistance was associated with increased use of chlortetracycline (p = 0.008). At the antimicrobial class level, there was a significant positive relationship between the usage of phenicol and the probability of a resistance for chloramphenicol (p = 0.026) and between the usage of tetracycline and tetracycline resistance probability (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Our data provide evidence of associations between overall AMU and AMR or MDR risk at the herd-quarter level. There was also evidence of associations between specific AMDs and patterns of resistance. Associations varied depending on whether time lags in usage were modelled or how usage was modelled (e.g. dichotomized or continuous). Associations with rarely used AMDs (e.g. critically important AMDs) were precluded due to a lack of statistical power. Continued monitoring of both AMU and AMR is crucial to assess the impacts of policy changes aimed at reducing AMU.

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从猪身上分离的大肠杆菌的耐药性及其与爱尔兰聚集性抗菌药物使用的关系：群体水平的探索。

目的：抗微生物耐药性（AMR）是全球关注的重大问题，也是“一个健康”的主要问题。有证据表明，抗菌药物使用量的增加可能与AMR模式有关，因此，人们一直在努力减少AMU，以降低AMR的出现风险。本研究的目的是调查从爱尔兰猪群中分离的共生大肠杆菌的AMU和AMR模式之间是否存在任何关联。方法和结果：作为国家监测活动的一部分，收集了来自一个抗菌药物小组的AMR数据。这些数据与报告的AMD使用情况有关，以年为季度，使用广义估计方程回归分析在牛群水平上以mg/kg为单位进行测量。分别在同一季度和上一季度对AMR存在或多药耐药性（MDR；≥3类）和总AMU进行相关性测试。此外，还测试了基于个体和AMD类别的关联。最终数据集包含2019-2021年期间122个畜群的218个观察结果（畜群季度使用情况和AMR耐药性概况）。表观耐药性患病率因AMD类型而异，四环素的最高平均患病率为51.57%（95%CI:45.06%-58.09%）。任何AMD的AMR结果呈阳性的群体与年季度AMU的总体水平之间存在显著关联。此外，MDR与总AMU之间存在显著的正相关。在化合物水平上，氯霉素耐药性分别与甲氧苄啶/磺胺嘧啶和金霉素的使用增加显著相关（p 结论：我们的数据提供了在群体季度水平上总体AMU与AMR或MDR风险之间关联的证据。还有证据表明，特定的AMD与耐药性模式之间存在关联。根据是否对使用中的时间滞后进行建模或如何对使用进行建模（例如，二分法或连续法），关联会有所不同。由于缺乏统计能力，排除了与很少使用的AMD（例如至关重要的AMD）的关联。对AMU和AMR的持续监测对于评估旨在减少AMU的政策变化的影响至关重要。

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来源期刊

Zoonoses and Public Health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.