Adipose tissue as a cause of endocrine dysfunction.

Alina Ewa Kuryłowicz
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Abstract

Adipose tissue is a large hormonally active organ that secretes several substances (adipokines), and an important site for the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones. With energy balance, the secretory and metabolic activity of adipose tissue determines the normal function of many organs, including the endocrine glands. However, in the course of overweight and obesity, adverse changes occur in the structure and function of adipocytes. Obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction translates into a change in the profile of secreted adipokines, and it impairs steroidogenesis. These phenomena contribute to the development of obesity-related complications, which also affect the major tropic axes regulating the endocrine glands. However, there is increasing evidence that weight reduction is an effective treatment for obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction, thereby restoring endocrine function. This narrative review presents the impact of adipose tissue on endocrine gland activity both in the physiological state and in obesity-related dysfunction. It also discusses how functional (related to excess adiposity) changes in the endocrine system can be restored with effective treatment of obesity.

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脂肪组织作为内分泌功能障碍的原因。
脂肪组织是一个分泌多种物质(脂肪因子)的大型激素活性器官,也是类固醇激素合成和代谢的重要部位。在能量平衡的情况下,脂肪组织的分泌和代谢活动决定了包括内分泌腺在内的许多器官的正常功能。然而,在超重和肥胖的过程中,脂肪细胞的结构和功能会发生不利的变化。肥胖相关的脂肪组织功能障碍转化为分泌型脂肪因子的变化,并损害类固醇生成。这些现象会导致肥胖相关并发症的发展,这些并发症也会影响调节内分泌腺的主热带轴。然而,越来越多的证据表明,减肥是治疗肥胖相关脂肪组织功能障碍的有效方法,从而恢复内分泌功能。这篇叙述性综述介绍了脂肪组织在生理状态和肥胖相关功能障碍中对内分泌腺活动的影响。它还讨论了如何通过有效治疗肥胖来恢复内分泌系统的功能(与过度肥胖有关)变化。
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