Incapacitating agents review: 20 years after Nord Ost Siege.

IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Critical Reviews in Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-10 DOI:10.1080/10408444.2023.2270567
Tomás A E Gabrielli
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Abstract

Incapacitating agents are chemical weapons that produce a temporary disabling condition that persists for hours or days after exposure. Their main site of action is the central nervous system and includes substances that are considered depressants or stimulants. While not intended to cause death, can produce significant morbidity in affected patients. The objective of this narrative review is to update the toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, diagnosis, and treatment of these chemicals, considering that 20 years have passed since the Nord Ost Siege, where a fentanyl derivative was used by Russian forces to neutralize a group of Chechen dissidents. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane Library databases as well as nonindexed scientific literature.

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失能剂回顾:Nord-Ost围攻事件20年后。
致残剂是一种化学武器,在接触后会产生持续数小时或数天的暂时致残状态。它们的主要作用部位是中枢神经系统,包括被认为是镇静剂或兴奋剂的物质。虽然不打算导致死亡,但可能会在受影响的患者中产生显著的发病率。这篇叙述性综述的目的是更新这些化学物质的毒代动力学、毒动力学、诊断和治疗,考虑到北奥斯特围城事件已经过去了20年,俄罗斯军队在该事件中使用芬太尼衍生物来压制一群车臣持不同政见者。在PubMed、SciELO和Cochrane图书馆数据库以及无索引的科学文献中进行了文献检索。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
1.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: Critical Reviews in Toxicology provides up-to-date, objective analyses of topics related to the mechanisms of action, responses, and assessment of health risks due to toxicant exposure. The journal publishes critical, comprehensive reviews of research findings in toxicology and the application of toxicological information in assessing human health hazards and risks. Toxicants of concern include commodity and specialty chemicals such as formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, and pesticides; pharmaceutical agents of all types; consumer products such as macronutrients and food additives; environmental agents such as ambient ozone; and occupational exposures such as asbestos and benzene.
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