PEGylation of a shell over core–shell MOFs—a novel strategy for preventing agglomeration and synergism in terms of physicochemical and biological properties†

Abstract

We demonstrate a new strategy of PEGylation over core–shell MOFs of HKUST-1 and Cu-MOF-2 by a solvothermal method. The novel synthesized PEGylated core–shell MOFs has synergistic enhancement in terms of physicochemical and biological properties. FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis described the bonding characteristics of the double-shelled–core MOFs PEG@HKUST-1@CuMOF-2 and PEG@CuMOF-2@HKUST-1. XPS and EDAX spectroscopy confirmed the structural features of the PEG@core–shell MOFs. The as-synthesized PEG-modified core–shell MOFs showed a readily identifiable morphology with a reduction in particle size. The significant observation from SEM and TEM was that agglomeration disappeared completely, and the morphology of individual core–shell MOFs was clearly revealed. BET analysis provided the surface characteristics of MOF compounds. The chemical states of frameworks were established by XPS. The designed PEG-modified copper MOFs were evaluated for their activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacterial species and activity against fungal species (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). This research work highlights a facile and synergistic approach to design promising biocompatible nano-dimensional core–shell MOFs for biological applications.