Christopher W. Rogers, Juliet M. Marshall, Margaret Moll, Cynthia Curl
{"title":"Crop bromide concentrations following methyl bromide fumigation for pale cyst nematode in southeastern Idaho","authors":"Christopher W. Rogers, Juliet M. Marshall, Margaret Moll, Cynthia Curl","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20529","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methyl bromide (MeBr) is a sterilizing fumigant used to control quarantine pests that is restricted due to its detrimental atmospheric effects. The degradation of injected MeBr produces crop-available Br<sup>−</sup>. Up to five applications of MeBr were used in southeastern Idaho fields to combat the pale cyst nematode (<i>Globodera pallida</i>). Data regarding the uptake and partitioning of Br<sup>−</sup> in crops following MeBr application in the region were unavailable. Research determined background concentrations of Br<sup>−</sup> in alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.), barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.), corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.), and wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) compared to MeBr-treated fields. Background Br<sup>−</sup> concentrations ranged from nondetectable (ND) to 33.0 mg Br<sup>−</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>; vegetative tissue concentrations were greater than reproductive, except corn where there was no difference. Nearly all crops grown in MeBr-treated fields had greater Br<sup>−</sup> concentrations than background. Background-baled-alfalfa tissue Br<sup>−</sup> concentration was 33.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> compared to 117.8 mg Br<sup>−</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> from a MeBr-treated field. Br<sup>−</sup> concentration in green alfalfa decreased from 79.8 to 36.5 mg Br<sup>−</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> at the final cutting in a MeBr-treated field, where time after application decreased crop Br<sup>−</sup> concentrations. Small grains had low Br<sup>−</sup> concentrations in reproductive tissue (1.7 mg Br<sup>−</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) compared to vegetative tissue (106.5 mg Br<sup>−</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>). Corn stover concentration (12.7 mg Br<sup>−</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) was low relative to small-grain straw, but corn ear (5.8 mg Br<sup>−</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) was greater than small-grain reproductive tissue in the MeBr-treated field. Crop selection following MeBr applications should consider the likelihood of elevated Br<sup>−</sup> concentration for the plant fractions intended end use.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20529","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of environmental quality","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jeq2.20529","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Methyl bromide (MeBr) is a sterilizing fumigant used to control quarantine pests that is restricted due to its detrimental atmospheric effects. The degradation of injected MeBr produces crop-available Br−. Up to five applications of MeBr were used in southeastern Idaho fields to combat the pale cyst nematode (Globodera pallida). Data regarding the uptake and partitioning of Br− in crops following MeBr application in the region were unavailable. Research determined background concentrations of Br− in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) compared to MeBr-treated fields. Background Br− concentrations ranged from nondetectable (ND) to 33.0 mg Br− kg−1; vegetative tissue concentrations were greater than reproductive, except corn where there was no difference. Nearly all crops grown in MeBr-treated fields had greater Br− concentrations than background. Background-baled-alfalfa tissue Br− concentration was 33.0 mg kg−1 compared to 117.8 mg Br− kg−1 from a MeBr-treated field. Br− concentration in green alfalfa decreased from 79.8 to 36.5 mg Br− kg−1 at the final cutting in a MeBr-treated field, where time after application decreased crop Br− concentrations. Small grains had low Br− concentrations in reproductive tissue (1.7 mg Br− kg−1) compared to vegetative tissue (106.5 mg Br− kg−1). Corn stover concentration (12.7 mg Br− kg−1) was low relative to small-grain straw, but corn ear (5.8 mg Br− kg−1) was greater than small-grain reproductive tissue in the MeBr-treated field. Crop selection following MeBr applications should consider the likelihood of elevated Br− concentration for the plant fractions intended end use.
期刊介绍:
Articles in JEQ cover various aspects of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including agricultural, terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic systems, with emphasis on the understanding of underlying processes. To be acceptable for consideration in JEQ, a manuscript must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing concepts. The study should define principles of broad applicability, be related to problems over a sizable geographic area, or be of potential interest to a representative number of scientists. Emphasis is given to the understanding of underlying processes rather than to monitoring.
Contributions are accepted from all disciplines for consideration by the editorial board. Manuscripts may be volunteered, invited, or coordinated as a special section or symposium.