Die Verbreitung der Roßkastanien-Miniermotte Cameraria ohridellaDesch. & Dimic (Lepid., Gracillariidae) in der Region Südtirol-Trentino

Von Klaus Hellrigl, Paolo Ambrosi
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引用次数: 18

Abstract

Abstract: A survey on the present distribution of the horse chestnut leafmining moth, Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dimic 1986, in Europe and in Italy is given: In Europe, within a period of 15 years, the leafminer – recently introduced into Central Europe – has settled in an area that spreads over 13 latitudinal and about 20 longitudinal degrees; in Northern Italy, an area of approximately 50,000 km2 has been afflicted in the 5 years since the leafminer’s introduction in South Tyrol and Julian Venetia in 1993.

The development of the distribution in the region of South Tyrol and Trentino is shown: In the province of Bozen-South Tyrol, between 1995 and 1999 the moth has spread in all the three principal valleys (Eisacktal, Pustertal, Etschtal); in the Trentino province, first local attacks began only in 1998, near Trento and Riva, but spread over the entire Etschtal/Adige Valley in 1999. While in South Tyrol C. ohridella was introduced from the North (North Tyrol), the introduction into the Trentino occured from the South (Verona).

At present the attacks in Trentino province are preponderantly low (resulting heavy only in the city of Trento and in Riva del Garda) and limited to altitudes ranging from 70 to 700 in. In South Tyrol, attacks are mainly heavy in altitudes ranging from 250 to 900/950 m, while they are low in the increasingly affected higher altitudes of 1,000 to 1,230 m. Numeric attack parameters are given to show attack intensities.

The number of generations per year depends on the respective climatic conditions: in lower-altitudes, usually three generations develop in a year, but in higher altitudes (800 to 1,100 m) only two generations; in the climatically favoured area around the Lake Garda a (partial) fourth generation appears possible.

The question of host plants (Aesculus sp., Acer sp.) and the larval parasitism of C. ohridella is discussed. The parasitism of the larvae, principally by Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), was ascertained already in the first years of attack: In South Tyrol, 16 species of parasitoids appeared, and 8 in the Trentino province, but only two species were dominant: Minotetrastichus sp. and Pnigalio sp. The level of parasitism reached was low, comparable to other Central European countries.

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文章题目小栗Cameraria ohridellaDesch的分布&南蒂罗尔-特伦蒂诺地区的Dimic(Lepid.,Gracillaridae)
摘要:对七叶树采叶蛾Cameraria ohridella Desch的分布现状进行了调查&;Dimic 1986,在欧洲和意大利:在欧洲,在15年的时间里,最近被引入中欧的叶潜蝇已经定居在一个横跨13个纬度和大约20个经度的地区;在意大利北部,自1993年叶潜蝇在南蒂罗尔和朱利安·维尼蒂亚引入以来的5年里,约有50000平方公里的面积受到了影响。南蒂罗尔和特伦蒂诺地区的分布发展情况如下:,1995年至1999年间,该蛾已在所有三个主要山谷(Eisacktal、Pustertal和Etschtal)传播;在特伦蒂诺省,第一次地方袭击始于1998年,发生在特伦托和里瓦附近,但于1999年蔓延至整个Etschtal/Adige山谷。在南蒂罗尔,C.ohridella是从北部(北蒂罗尔)引入的,而Trentino的引入是从南部(维罗纳)引入。目前,特伦蒂诺省的袭击主要较低(仅特伦托市和里瓦德尔加达的袭击较重),高度限制在70至700英寸之间。在南蒂罗尔,袭击主要发生在250至900/950米的高度,而在1000至1230米的受影响程度越来越高的海拔高度,袭击较低。数值攻击参数用于显示攻击强度。每年的世代数量取决于各自的气候条件:在低海拔地区,通常一年发育三代,但在高海拔地区(800至1100米),只有两代;在加尔达湖周围气候适宜的地区,第四代(部分)似乎是可能的。本文讨论了寄主植物(七叶树属、宏碁属)及其幼虫寄生的问题。幼虫的寄生性,主要由Eulophidae(Hym.Chalcidoidea)在攻击的最初几年就已经确定:在南蒂罗尔,出现了16种寄生蜂,在特伦蒂诺省出现了8种,但只有两种占优势:Minotetrastichus sp.和Pnigalio sp.。达到的寄生水平较低,与其他中欧国家相当。
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