A Cross-Sectional Study of Myopia and Morning Melatonin Status in Northern Irish Adolescent Children.

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2023-11-01 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2023/7961623
Jane M Fulton, Sarah C Flanagan, Julie J Sittlington, Diego Cobice, Sara Dobbin, Sara J McCullough, Gareth Orr, Patrick Richardson, Kathryn J Saunders
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Abstract

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between melatonin status and both refractive error and axial length in young adult myopes. This study aimed to determine if this relationship extends to a younger adolescent cohort.

Methods: Healthy children aged 12-15 years provided morning saliva samples before attending Ulster University (55°N) for cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measures. Participants completed questionnaires describing recent sleep habits and physical activity. Salivary melatonin was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data collection for all participants occurred over a 1-week period (April 2021).

Results: Seventy participants aged 14.3 (95% CI: 14.2-14.5) years were categorised by spherical equivalent refraction [SER] (range: -5.38DS to +1.88DS) into two groups; myopic SER ≤ -0.50DS (n = 22) or nonmyopic -0.50DS < SER ≤ +2.00DS (n = 48). Median morning salivary melatonin levels were 4.52 pg/ml (95% CI: 2.60-6.02) and 4.89 pg/ml (95% CI: 3.18-5.66) for myopic and nonmyopic subjects, respectively, and did not differ significantly between refractive groups (P = 0.91). Melatonin levels were not significantly correlated with SER, axial length, sleep, or activity scores (Spearman's rank, all P > 0.39). Higher levels of physical activity were associated with higher sleep quality (Spearman's rank, ρ = -0.28, P = 0.02).

Conclusion: The present study found no significant relationship between morning salivary melatonin levels and refractive error or axial length in young adolescents. This contrasts with outcomes from a previous study of adults with comparable methodology, season of data collection, and geographical location. Prospective studies are needed to understand the discrepancies between adult and childhood findings and evaluate whether melatonin levels in childhood are indicative of an increased risk for future onset of myopia and/or faster axial growth trajectories and myopia progression in established myopes. Future work should opt for a comprehensive dim-light melatonin onset protocol to determine circadian phase.

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北爱尔兰青少年近视和早晨褪黑激素状况的横断面研究。
目的:先前的研究表明,年轻成人近视患者的褪黑激素状态与屈光不正和轴长之间存在关联。这项研究旨在确定这种关系是否延伸到更年轻的青少年群体。方法:12-15岁的健康儿童 years在就读阿尔斯特大学(55°N)之前提供了早上的唾液样本,用于自行屈肌麻痹和轴向长度测量。参与者完成了描述近期睡眠习惯和体育活动的问卷调查。唾液褪黑激素采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行定量。所有参与者的数据收集时间为1周(2021年4月)。结果:70名年龄为14.3(95%CI:14.2-14.5)岁的参与者根据球面等效折射率[SER](范围:-5.38DS至+1.88DS)分为两组;近视SER ≤ -0.50DS(n = 22)或非瞳孔-0.50DS n = 48)。早晨唾液褪黑激素水平中位数为4.52 pg/ml(95%可信区间:2.60-6.02)和4.89 pg/ml(95%可信区间:3.18-5.66),屈光组间差异无统计学意义(P = 褪黑激素水平与SER、轴长、睡眠或活动评分无显著相关性(Spearman等级,均P > 0.39)。较高的体力活动水平与较高的睡眠质量有关(Spearman秩,ρ = -0.28,P = 0.02)。结论:本研究发现青少年晨间唾液褪黑素水平与屈光不正或轴长之间没有显著关系。这与之前一项针对成年人的研究结果形成了对比,该研究采用了可比的方法、数据收集季节和地理位置。需要进行前瞻性研究,以了解成人和儿童研究结果之间的差异,并评估儿童时期的褪黑素水平是否预示着近视患者未来发病风险的增加和/或更快的轴向生长轨迹和近视进展。未来的工作应该选择一个全面的微光褪黑激素发作方案来确定昼夜节律。
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来源期刊
Journal of Ophthalmology
Journal of Ophthalmology MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-OPHTHALMOLOGY
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
194
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Ophthalmology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. Submissions should focus on new diagnostic and surgical techniques, instrument and therapy updates, as well as clinical trials and research findings.
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