Socio-Demographics of Patients and Antibiotic Prescription Pattern in a Community Health Facility in Lagos

D. I. Ekwoaba
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Abstract

There is a global concern on the challenge of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the management of diseases. At the center of this concern is the need to prevent antibiotics resistance which could increase the morbidity and mortality of cases. This is worse off in the Sub-Saharan Africa where guidelines for management of cases are usually not complied with. The study examined socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender and how they influence antibiotic use within a community health facility’s outpatient. Descriptive cross-sectional design was used and 630 prescriptions were examined in the month of April, 2021. All admitted, observed and referred cases were not included in the study. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive and inferential statistics. The average antibiotics encounter was 37.6% and the differences of antibiotics encounter observed across different ages were statistically significant (X2=21.985, df=4, p< 0.001). There were differences in antibiotics encounter between being a child and being an adult and these differences were statistically significant (X2= 13.769, df=1, p<0.001). The odds of antibiotics encounter decreased by 28% per unit increase in age (OR = 0.715; 95%CI: 0.333 - 1.097). This predominance of antibiotic use among younger people could create resistance within this sub-population. This young population is the source of the nation’s future human resources and regular training and update courses for health workers in this field should be a priority to avoid increase in morbidity and mortality from antibiotics resistance and treatment failures. Key Words: Antibiotics; Community health; Prescription; Resistance; Socio-demographic
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拉各斯社区卫生机构患者的社会人口统计学和抗生素处方模式
在疾病管理中滥用抗生素的挑战引起全球关注。这一关切的核心是需要预防抗生素耐药性,因为抗生素耐药性可能增加病例的发病率和死亡率。撒哈拉以南非洲的情况更糟,那里的病例管理指导方针通常得不到遵守。该研究调查了社会人口特征,如年龄和性别,以及它们如何影响社区卫生机构门诊抗生素的使用。采用描述性横断面设计,于2021年4月对630张处方进行检查。所有入院、观察和转诊病例均未纳入研究。数据分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行描述性和推理统计。平均抗菌药物使用率为37.6%,不同年龄段抗菌药物使用率差异有统计学意义(X2=21.985, df=4, p< 0.001)。儿童与成人抗生素使用情况差异有统计学意义(X2= 13.769, df=1, p<0.001)。年龄每增加一个单位,抗生素接触的几率降低28% (OR = 0.715;95%ci: 0.333 - 1.097)。这种在年轻人中使用抗生素的优势可能会在这一亚人群中产生耐药性。这一年轻人口是国家未来人力资源的来源,应优先考虑对这一领域的卫生工作者进行定期培训和更新课程,以避免抗生素耐药性和治疗失败导致发病率和死亡率增加。关键词:抗生素;社区卫生;处方;阻力;Socio-demographic
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