Snail1 controls cooperative cell plasticity during metastasis

Abstract

Mortality in cancer is strongly associated with the capacity of tumor cells to spread and critically affect other tissues and organs. Genetic mutations accumulated by tumor cells and cross-signaling between tumor and host cells underlie the formation of metastasis. Cancer-activated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are host fibroblasts activated by tumor signaling, can alter tumor cell behavior by both paracrine signaling (secreting diffusible molecules) and mechanical signaling (modifying the composition and organization of the stroma). These fibroblasts resemble myofibroblasts (MFs) of the granulation tissue generated during wound healing, which produce a rigid desmoplastic stroma rich in signaling molecules and cross-linked extracellular fibers. Desmoplasia favors malignant tumor cell properties such as mobility, stemness, and even resistance to pharmacological insults [1].