Rotavirus immunization and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nested case–control study

Abstract

The objective of the present nested case–control study was to assess whether rotavirus vaccination is associated with reduced risk of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Using clinical database of a large health organization in Israel, we identified all incident cases of T1DM that were born during the period spanning January 2008 to June 2010, and diagnosed before March 2012. For each case, we selected up to three control individuals without T1DM that were individually matched on the exact date of birth. A total of 16 eligible T1DM cases were detected and 45 matched controls. After adjusting to residence area in Israel, the odds ratio for T1DM associated with full vaccination against rotavirus was 7.38 (95%: 1.19–45.62, P = 0.032). The results of the present study do not support the conclusion that childhood immunization with rotavirus vaccine is associated with reduced risk of T1DM.