Ecological constraints coupled with deep-time habitat dynamics predict the latitudinal diversity gradient in reef fishes

T. Gaboriau, C. Albouy, Patrice Descombes, D. Mouillot, L. Pellissier, F. Leprieur
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

We develop a spatially explicit model of diversification based on palaeohabitat to explore the predictions of four major hypotheses potentially explaining the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), namely, the ‘time-area’, ‘tropical niche conservatism’, ‘ecological limits’ and ‘evolutionary speed’ hypotheses. We compare simulation outputs to observed diversity gradients in the global reef fish fauna. Our simulations show that these hypotheses are non-mutually exclusive and that their relative influence depends on the time scale considered. Simulations suggest that reef habitat dynamics produced the LDG during deep geological time, while ecological constraints shaped the modern LDG, with a strong influence of the reduction in the latitudinal extent of tropical reefs during the Neogene. Overall, this study illustrates how mechanistic models in ecology and evolution can provide a temporal and spatial understanding of the role of speciation, extinction and dispersal in generating biodiversity patterns.
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结合深时生境动态的生态约束预测了珊瑚礁鱼类的纬向多样性梯度
我们建立了一个基于古生境的空间显式多样性模型,探讨了可能解释纬度多样性梯度(LDG)的四种主要假设的预测,即“时空”、“热带生态位保守性”、“生态极限”和“进化速度”假设。我们将模拟结果与观察到的全球珊瑚鱼动物群的多样性梯度进行比较。我们的模拟表明,这些假设不是相互排斥的,它们的相对影响取决于所考虑的时间尺度。模拟结果表明,深地质时期的珊瑚礁生境动态产生了LDG,而现代LDG的形成受生态约束的影响,其中新第三纪热带珊瑚礁纬度范围减小的影响较大。总的来说,这项研究说明了生态学和进化中的机制模型如何能够提供物种形成、灭绝和扩散在产生生物多样性模式中的作用的时间和空间理解。
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