On Hardness Assumptions Needed for "Extreme High-End" PRGs and Fast Derandomization

Ronen Shaltiel, Emanuele Viola
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

The hardness vs.~randomness paradigm aims to explicitly construct pseudorandom generators $G:\{0,1\}^r \rightarrow \{0,1\}^m$ that fool circuits of size $m$, assuming the existence of explicit hard functions. A ``high-end PRG'' with seed length $r=O(\log m)$ (implying BPP=P) was achieved in a seminal work of Impagliazzo and Wigderson (STOC 1997), assuming the high-end hardness assumption: there exist constants $0<\beta<1
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关于“极高端”prg和快速非随机化所需的硬度假设
硬度vs随机性范式旨在显式地构建伪随机生成器G: {0,1} r→{0,1}m,假设存在显式硬函数,它愚弄大小为m的电路。Impagliazzo和Wigderson (STOC 1997)在一项开创性的工作中实现了种子长度r = O (log m)(意味着BPP=P)的“高端PRG”,假设高端硬度假设:存在常数0 < β < 1 < B,并且在2b·n时间内可计算的函数不能被2 β·n大小的电路计算。最近,Doron等人(FOCS 2020)和Chen和Tell (STOC 2021)在随机算法的快速非随机化的激励下,在更强的定性假设下,构建了种子长度为r = (1 + o(1))·log m的“极端高端prg”。研究了β = 1−0(1)和B = 1+ 0(1)的硬度假设能否构造出极值高端prg,我们称之为极值高端硬度假设。为了证明这一点,我们从硬函数中建立了(一般)黑箱PRG构造的一个新性质:在固定硬函数的几个比特的同时,可以固定构造的许多输出比特。这一特性将PRG结构与典型的提取器结构区分开来,这可能解释了为什么PRG结构很难设计。m→,1 r m Ω(1) g2: {0,1 r 2→{,1 m。第一个PRG是从高端假设到(1)的PRG是单向函数。我们表明,在高端情况下,放大的黑盒证明必须有m个查询。已知从是和使用放大,不能用于构建prgg2从极端高端硬度假设
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