Physiological and Biochemical Parameters as An Index for Herbicides Damage in Wheat Plants

R. Salem, A. El-Sobki
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Abstract

In order to evaluate physiological and biochemical changes of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) under the stress of four herbicides namely, (pinoxaden, tribenuron-methy, pyroxsulam and clodinafop-propargyl) at recommended dose on three wheat cultivars (Saka 95, Giza 171 and Shandweel 1). In a totally randomized method, an experiment was performed in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. During 2020 season. The analysis of variance showed that the content of the main pigments of leaf (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and caroteniod), activity of catalase, peroxidase, oxidase enzymes and ascorbic acids. Data showed that   the herbicide pinoxaden was the highest toxicity while tribenuron-methy was the lowest one on the three cultivars of wheat in chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll a, the reduction percentages were17 .2, 16.8 and 13.6 %   in Giza 171, Shandweel 1 and Saka 95, respectively compared with control. The reduction percentages in chlorophyll b were 14.8, 14.2 and 11.0 % in Saka 95, Giza 171 and Shandweel 1 , respectively compared with control. The opposite picture in carotenoid the reductions were 18.8, 15.3, and 9.7 % in Giza171, Saka 95 and Shandweel 1 compared with control. On the other hand, the four herbicides led to a significant decrease in the activity of wheat antioxidant enzymes compared with control. Results showed that the oxidase and peroxidase enzymes were high sensitivity to all treatments compared with control, but ascorbic acid and catalase enzymes appear low sensitivity on all cultivars of wheat. These results showed that all used herbicides reduce plant tolerance from damage and enzymes activities, therefore it can be used as an index in physiological research.
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小麦除草剂危害的生理生化指标研究
为了评价小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)在3个小麦品种(Saka 95、Giza 171和shanweel 1)推荐剂量4种除草剂(pinoxaden、tribennon -methy、pyroxsulam和clodinafopopypargyl)胁迫下的生理生化变化。采用全随机方法,在埃及El-Sharkia省进行了试验。2020赛季期间。方差分析表明,叶片主要色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素)含量、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、氧化酶活性和抗坏血酸活性均显著高于对照。结果表明,对3个小麦品种的叶绿素含量毒性最大的是吡诺登,最低的是三苯醚。与对照相比,吉萨171、尚德1和萨卡95的叶绿素a含量分别降低了17.2%、16.8%和13.6%。与对照相比,Saka 95、Giza 171和shanweel 1的叶绿素b降低率分别为14.8%、14.2%和11.0%。类胡萝卜素含量与对照相反,吉泽171、阪95和山杉1号分别减少18.8%、15.3%和9.7%。与对照相比,4种除草剂显著降低了小麦抗氧化酶的活性。结果表明,与对照相比,氧化酶和过氧化物酶对各处理均有较高的敏感性,而抗坏血酸和过氧化氢酶对各品种均有较低的敏感性。这些结果表明,所有使用的除草剂均降低了植物对伤害的耐受性和酶的活性,因此可以作为生理研究的指标。
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