{"title":"A rheological characteristics and kinetic study for sulphur accelerated vulcanisation of epoxidized natural rubber","authors":"Mohd Azmeel Adli Amiruddin, Siti Salina Sarkawi","doi":"10.1007/s42464-023-00216-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) is a specialty rubber produced by modification of natural rubber (NR) latex. In this study, the effects of vulcanisation temperature on the vulcanisation characteristics and vulcanisation kinetics of ENR compounds were studied. A Monsanto Moving Die Rheometer (MDR2000) was used, with vulcanisation temperatures ranging from 140 to 180 °C considered. Unfilled ENR and NR compounds were compared to filled compounds, in which carbon black and silica fillers were used. All compounds' optimal vulcanisation time (<i>t</i><sub>95</sub>), curing rate index (CRI), percentage of reversal (<i>R</i><sub>300</sub>) and vulcanisation kinetics were investigated. It can be shown that for both filled and unfilled compounds, ENR has a shorter <i>t</i><sub>95</sub>, a higher CRI, and a higher <i>R</i><sub>300</sub> than NR. Furthermore, higher vulcanisation temperatures decreased the <i>t</i><sub>95</sub>, with increased CRI and enhanced <i>R</i><sub>300</sub> for all compounds. It was observed that ENR tended to have lower activation energy, <i>E</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> than NR for both filled and unfilled compounds and among the compounds examined, silica-filled ENR showed the highest activation energy value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"26 5","pages":"363 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Rubber Research","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42464-023-00216-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) is a specialty rubber produced by modification of natural rubber (NR) latex. In this study, the effects of vulcanisation temperature on the vulcanisation characteristics and vulcanisation kinetics of ENR compounds were studied. A Monsanto Moving Die Rheometer (MDR2000) was used, with vulcanisation temperatures ranging from 140 to 180 °C considered. Unfilled ENR and NR compounds were compared to filled compounds, in which carbon black and silica fillers were used. All compounds' optimal vulcanisation time (t95), curing rate index (CRI), percentage of reversal (R300) and vulcanisation kinetics were investigated. It can be shown that for both filled and unfilled compounds, ENR has a shorter t95, a higher CRI, and a higher R300 than NR. Furthermore, higher vulcanisation temperatures decreased the t95, with increased CRI and enhanced R300 for all compounds. It was observed that ENR tended to have lower activation energy, Ea than NR for both filled and unfilled compounds and among the compounds examined, silica-filled ENR showed the highest activation energy value.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Rubber Research is devoted to both natural and synthetic rubbers, as well as to related disciplines. The scope of the journal encompasses all aspects of rubber from the core disciplines of biology, physics and chemistry, as well as economics. As a specialised field, rubber science includes within its niche a vast potential of innovative and value-added research areas yet to be explored. This peer reviewed publication focuses on the results of active experimental research and authoritative reviews on all aspects of rubber science.
The Journal of Rubber Research welcomes research on:
the upstream, including crop management, crop improvement and protection, and biotechnology;
the midstream, including processing and effluent management;
the downstream, including rubber engineering and product design, advanced rubber technology, latex science and technology, and chemistry and materials exploratory;
economics, including the economics of rubber production, consumption, and market analysis.
The Journal of Rubber Research serves to build a collective knowledge base while communicating information and validating the quality of research within the discipline, and bringing together work from experts in rubber science and related disciplines.
Scientists in both academia and industry involved in researching and working with all aspects of rubber will find this journal to be both source of information and a gateway for their own publications.
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