The state of cognitive functions and diffusion processes in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres in healthy middle-aged and elderly people

O. Semonova, L. Myronyak
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Abstract

Background. The growing number of patients with dementia in aging population of developed countries significantly increases the relevance of differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment and age-associated cognitive disorders. The purpose of the study was to determine the criteria for physiological changes in cognitive status and diffusion processes in brain’s white matter in healthy middle-aged and elderly people. Material and ­methods. Thirty-nine healthy middle-aged (45–59 years, n = 19) and elderly patients (60–75 years, n = 20) were examined. Neuropsychological testing was performed using the following scales: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, Semantic Verbal Fluency (SVF) and Phonemic Verbal Fluency (PVF). Molecular diffusion in brain’s white matter was investigated by diffusion tensor imaging (Ingenia 3.0T, Philips). Results. Moderate positive correlations were found between age and the Frontal Assessment Battery score (rs = –0.443), memory (rs = –0.444) and executive function (rs = –0.542). Cognitive functions in middle-aged and elderly patients didn’t differ in cognitive domains of naming (II), memory (III), language (VIII), delayed reproduction (X), orientation (XI), semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. At the same time, differences in attention (IV, VI, AIS: p = 0.038; 0.043; < 0.001), language (VII, LIS: p < 0.001), abstraction (IX: p = 0.008) and visuospatial function (VIS: p = 0.002) were significant. Physiolo-gical age-related changes of molecular diffusion in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres are characterized by a decrease of 21.0–37.0 % (p = 0.02 — < 0.001) in anisotropic and an increase of 16.3–29.5 % (p < 0.001) in free diffusion of water molecules in the conductive tracts and beyond them.
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健康中老年人大脑半球白质的认知功能状态及扩散过程
背景。发达国家老年人口中痴呆症患者数量的增加显著增加了认知障碍和年龄相关认知障碍鉴别诊断的相关性。本研究旨在确定健康中老年人认知状态和脑白质扩散过程的生理变化标准。材料和方法。39例健康中年患者(45-59岁,n = 19)和老年患者(60-75岁,n = 20)。采用以下量表进行神经心理测试:蒙特利尔认知评估、迷你精神状态测试、额叶测试、语义语言流畅性(SVF)和音素语言流畅性(PVF)。采用扩散张量成像技术(Ingenia 3.0T, Philips)研究脑白质中的分子扩散。结果。年龄与正面评估电池评分(rs = -0.443)、记忆(rs = -0.444)和执行功能(rs = -0.542)呈正相关。同时,注意差异(IV, VI, AIS: p = 0.038;0.043;< 0.001),语言(VII, LIS: p < 0.001),抽象(IX: p = 0.008)和视觉空间功能(VIS: p = 0.002)显著。脑半球白质中分子扩散的生理相关变化表现为各向异性减少21.0% ~ 37.0% (p = 0.02 ~ < 0.001),而水分子在导电束及其外的自由扩散增加16.3% ~ 29.5% (p < 0.001)。
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