Dengue Fever in Pakistan, Episodes of Epidemic to Endemic: Treatment Challenges, Prevention and Current Facts

Abstract

Dengue a majorly imperative arthropod-borne infection of viral origin has stroked the humans Worldwide. It has been estimated that about 2.5 billion inhabitants are at threatened by this infection around the globe. Dengue fever has become pandemic-prone viral disease prevailing all over subtropical and tropical regions. Majorly four characteristics of closely related serotypes of dengue are DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. Dengue fevers pass on by the bite of an infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito. The topmost ailments include; internal bleeding, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which may lead to Circulatory Shock Syndrome (CSS), high temperature, cold like illness, urticaria, severe joint pain, thrombocytopenia and heme-concentration. From the recent years, this "break-bone fever" has become out breaking viral disease in Pakistan because Urbanization provided the ideal environment for these mosquitoes which includes presence of stagnant water in indoor drainage holes, contaminated water for drinking, poverty, immune compromised individuals and insufficient medical facilities. Such causative factors embrace viral disease that brings about high rate of mortality and morbidity. But nowadays, rational prescribing and the facilities provided by pharmaceutical care has become necessary element of health care for achieving definite outcomes that can improve a patient's quality of life.