Restless leg syndrome in chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Restless Leg Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements (RLS/PLM) are a common form of sleep disturbance in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. The pathophysiology is related to the iron deficiency, anemia of renal disease, uremic toxin accumulation resulting in encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis of the condition is made by clinical criteria and rarely polysomnography. RLS/PLM is associated with poor quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in CKD. Therapeutic approaches include nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic and specific interventions for CKD patients.