Crisis as Opportunities for Robust Government: A Systematic Review of Policy Process Literature

IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI:10.1515/jhsem-2022-0043
Manli Zhang, Deserai A. Crow, Shih-chan Dai, Ben Ma
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Abstract

Abstract Increasing risks and crises present a challenging new normal for contemporary emergency management. It is important for public organizations to build robust government structures that can adapt to changing circumstances, rather than conform to rigid established procedures. Nevertheless, scholars have not fully explored how the transition to such robustness develops after crisis events. This paper fills the research gap by proposing an event-driven policy process model based on 171 identified crisis event studies, whereby a crisis drives learning that leads to changes in government structures or policy processes. Using a systematic review of the literature, we find that variation in crisis type and scale of impact influence subsequent policy dynamics that are critical to learning by governments. Key process dynamics (e.g. agenda setting, policy formulation, and implementation) and various types of learning are identified in the crisis-driven process that leads to robustness in public organizations. In addition, the role of scientific evidence and learning decay also play roles in this transition.
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危机是健全政府的机会:政策过程文献的系统回顾
日益增加的风险和危机为当代应急管理提出了具有挑战性的新常态。对公共组织来说,重要的是建立能够适应不断变化的环境的强有力的政府结构,而不是遵循僵化的既定程序。然而,学者们并没有充分探讨危机事件后向这种稳健性的过渡是如何发展的。本文基于171项已确定的危机事件研究,提出了一个事件驱动的政策过程模型,填补了这一研究空白,即危机驱动学习,导致政府结构或政策过程的变化。通过对文献的系统回顾,我们发现危机类型和影响规模的变化会影响随后的政策动态,这对政府的学习至关重要。关键的过程动力学(例如议程设置,政策制定和实施)和各种类型的学习在危机驱动的过程中被确定,从而导致公共组织的稳健性。此外,科学证据和学习衰退的作用也在这种转变中发挥作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
12.50%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: The Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management publishes original, innovative, and timely articles describing research or practice in the fields of homeland security and emergency management. JHSEM publishes not only peer-reviewed articles, but also news and communiqués from researchers and practitioners, and book/media reviews. Content comes from a broad array of authors representing many professions, including emergency management, engineering, political science and policy, decision science, and health and medicine, as well as from emergency management and homeland security practitioners.
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