Stimulation Workflow Applied on LAPA Pre-Salt Carbonate Field Deep-Water Brazil

Hélio Alves Pedrosa, F. Colbert, F. Garcia, R. Gachet, Alberto Carlos Boldrini, Jose Marcio De Souza, Marcelo Oliveira Carrara, R. Okullo, Joan Hernandez Belisario, Ly Amaury Lacerda, D. Goyallon
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Abstract

Lapa is a pre-salt deep-water field located around 270km off the coast of São Paulo, Brazil at Santos basin. This carbonate reservoir lies in water depths of around 2,100m and can produce good quality light 26° API oil. The stimulation in large carbonate reservoirs is very challenging, and techniques used for Lapa were based on chemical divergence. The development in offshore environments requires proper planning, execution, and monitoring to achieve the desired results and, of course, profitability. The matrix acidizing method was chosen to stimulate all wells of this campaign (2 producers and 2 injectors). This method consists of bypassing formation damage and stimulating the reservoir by creating wormholes via chemical pumping. In the design phase, stimulation operations previously performed at this field were reviewed, analyzed, and optimized. The main changes were regarding the completion strategy without the use of coiled tubing and placement during the completion phase as it could optimize the time and the cost for the project. The volumetric rate (gal/ft) was also reduced and the selection of the main fluid changed after several laboratory analysis and software simulations. The Lapa field requires high fluid volumes due to the length of the intended treatment interval. The assembly of a stimulation plant on a supply vessel from operator fleet (multi-purpose FSV – field support vessel) was the most cost-efficient approach to address the high volumes required as there was no Well Stimulation Vessel (WSV) available "on call" in the Brazilian offshore market at that time. This solution could also optimize the vessel fleet while the vessel was not required for pumping as FSV was also equipped with ROV and was mean to carry subsea planned task. The fluid test strategy was also a key point for this successful project as many tests were performed to make sure that the correct fluid system was selected. During this process, several fluid systems and different formulations were submitted for core flow tests and dual core flow tests to evaluate worm holing efficiency of retarded fluids and diversion performance of Chemical diverters. Compatibility tests were also performed, and a mud cake breaker was developed locally, especially for this project. This paper will bring an overview of all aspects regarding Lapa stimulation project since the conception, fluid system selection, laboratory tests, lessons learned and the potentially future strategy for this field.
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巴西深水LAPA盐下碳酸盐岩油田增产作业流程
Lapa是一个盐下深水油田,位于巴西桑托斯盆地圣保罗海岸约270公里处。该碳酸盐岩储层位于水深2100米左右,可产出26°API的优质轻质原油。大型碳酸盐岩储层的增产是非常具有挑战性的,而拉帕油田采用的技术是基于化学散度的。海上环境的开发需要适当的计划、执行和监控,以达到预期的结果,当然还有盈利能力。本次作业的所有井(2口生产井和2口注水井)均采用基质酸化方法进行增产。该方法包括绕过地层损害,通过化学泵送形成虫孔来刺激储层。在设计阶段,对该油田之前进行的增产作业进行了回顾、分析和优化。主要的变化是在完井阶段不使用连续油管和放置完井策略,因为它可以优化项目的时间和成本。经过几次实验室分析和软件模拟后,体积速率(加仑/英尺)也降低了,主流体的选择也发生了变化。由于预期的处理间隔较长,Lapa油田需要很高的流体体积。由于当时巴西海上市场上没有随叫随到的增产船(WSV),因此将增产设备组装在运营商船队(多用途FSV -现场支持船)的供应船上是解决高产量需求的最具成本效益的方法。该解决方案还可以在不需要泵送的情况下优化船队,因为FSV还配备了ROV,旨在执行海底计划任务。流体测试策略也是该项目成功的关键,因为进行了许多测试,以确保选择了正确的流体系统。在此过程中,提交了几种流体体系和不同配方进行岩心流动测试和双岩心流动测试,以评估缓速流体的蜗杆钻进效率和化学暂堵剂的导流性能。还进行了相容性测试,并在当地开发了一种泥浆破饼机,特别是针对该项目。本文将概述Lapa增产项目的各个方面,从概念、流体系统选择、实验室测试、经验教训和该领域潜在的未来战略。
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