Accumulation characteristics and evaluation of heavy metals in soils and vegetables of plastic-covered sheds in typical red soil areas of China

Genxin Nie, Tianhua Tu, Lifang Hu, Ling Wu, Ya Zhou
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

The degree of pollution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil of plastic-covered sheds in Jiangxi Province were evaluated by the Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index. The bioconcentration factor and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were used to evaluate the enrichment ability and health risk of HMs in vegetables. The mean contents of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in soil were 5.99, 0.373, 17.8, 5.94E-02, and 28.9 mg kg–1, respectively; Cd exceeded the background value and the maximum limit. Most soils had no extremely strong ecological risk. The concentration of Pb in root veg-etables was 0.204 mg kg-1, with the highest concentration of Cd (0.147 mg kg–1) in Ganzhou leafy vegetables. The Hg concentration of leafy vegetables in Jiujiang was 1.41E-02 mg kg–1, which exceeded the maximum limit. The bioconcentration factor of HMs was negatively correlated with pH (P ≤ 0.05). The migration ability of Cd in root vegetables was 1.7-fold to that of leafy vegetables, and was strongest. The TTHQ of all vegetables was less than 1.0, which indicated that there was no significant noncarcinogenic risk in adults. The TTHQ of root vegetables was highest, with Pb in vegetables being major health risk factors. In conclusion, fruit and solanaceous vegetables may be more suitable for planting in plastic-covered shed than root and leafy vegetables; Cd and Pb were identified as the priority control metals under plastic-covered sheds in Jiangxi Province.
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中国典型红壤区覆膜棚土壤和蔬菜重金属积累特征及评价
采用内梅罗指数和潜在生态风险指数对江西省覆膜棚土壤重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险进行了评价。采用生物富集系数和总目标危害商(TTHQ)评价蔬菜中HMs的富集能力和健康风险。土壤中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)的平均含量分别为5.99、0.373、17.8、5.94E-02和28.9 mg kg-1;Cd超过了背景值和最大限值。大部分土壤没有很强的生态风险。根类蔬菜中Pb的浓度为0.204 mg kg-1,甘州叶类蔬菜中Cd的浓度最高,为0.147 mg kg-1。九江市叶菜中汞浓度为1.41E-02 mg kg-1,超标。HMs的生物富集因子与pH呈负相关(P≤0.05)。根类蔬菜对Cd的迁移能力是叶类蔬菜的1.7倍,且迁移能力最强。所有蔬菜的TTHQ值均小于1.0,表明在成人中没有显著的非致癌风险。根茎类蔬菜的TTHQ最高,蔬菜中的铅是主要的健康危险因素。综上所述,水果和茄类蔬菜可能比根类和叶类蔬菜更适合在覆膜棚内种植;将Cd和Pb确定为江西省塑料棚优先控制金属。
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