{"title":"Mapping of Echinacea-based food supplements on the Romania market and qualitative evaluation of the most commonly used products","authors":"Ferencz Elek, Demeter Eszter, Király Rebeka, Vancea Szende, Urkon Melinda, Laczkó-Zöld Eszter","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to explore dietary supplements containing Echinacea on the Romanian market and their qualitative characterization. The products available on the market were aggregated in 2018, through an electronic search based on the register of the Romanian Medicine Agency (Agenția Națională a Medicamentului şi a Dispozitivelor Medicale din România – ANMDMR) and the list of dietary supplements registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Bioresurse Alimentare – IBA București, Serviciul național pentru plante medicinale, aromatice și produse ale stupului). There are no Echinacea containing medicines registered in Romania. However, there are 58 dietary supplements in the register, 52% of which are mono-components, 29% contain other herbs, plant extract or vitamins, while 19% are registered as tea. The label of 80% of monocomponent products and 76% of multicomponent supplements contains insufficient information: the plant name, its used part and processing methods (grist, extract, quantity) are not clearly identified. Among the listed dietary supplements, the 12 most commonly used formulations in pharmaceutical practice were subjected to phytochemical chromatographic evaluation: TLC and/or HPLC analysis were used. Three of seven monocomponent products showed proper chromatographic fingerprint, by TLC analysis. One monocomponent sample did not have an adequate chromatographic fingerprint. The labelling of multicomponent products was not appropriate. The TLC test suggests that based on the resulting fingerprint they contain E. purpureae herba. However, due to the presence of other components, the TLC does not allow a clear conclusion regarding the exact composition of the products. The developed HPLC method enables quantification of the concentration of caffeic acid, chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic and caftaric acids mixture in dietary supplements. None of the tested products contained echinacoside, which is a specific component of E. angustifolia and E. pallida root. In our method, the quantification of caftaric acid is approximate, because it partially overlaps the chlorogenic acid, which is a common component of plant samples, but negligible in Echinacea sp. The tested dietary supplements have a caffeic acid content of 20-140 µg/g, a chicoric acid content of 0.19-2.64 mg/g; the mixture of chlorogenic and caftartic acid is about 0.23-2.07 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"111 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0008","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Abstract The aim of the study was to explore dietary supplements containing Echinacea on the Romanian market and their qualitative characterization. The products available on the market were aggregated in 2018, through an electronic search based on the register of the Romanian Medicine Agency (Agenția Națională a Medicamentului şi a Dispozitivelor Medicale din România – ANMDMR) and the list of dietary supplements registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Bioresurse Alimentare – IBA București, Serviciul național pentru plante medicinale, aromatice și produse ale stupului). There are no Echinacea containing medicines registered in Romania. However, there are 58 dietary supplements in the register, 52% of which are mono-components, 29% contain other herbs, plant extract or vitamins, while 19% are registered as tea. The label of 80% of monocomponent products and 76% of multicomponent supplements contains insufficient information: the plant name, its used part and processing methods (grist, extract, quantity) are not clearly identified. Among the listed dietary supplements, the 12 most commonly used formulations in pharmaceutical practice were subjected to phytochemical chromatographic evaluation: TLC and/or HPLC analysis were used. Three of seven monocomponent products showed proper chromatographic fingerprint, by TLC analysis. One monocomponent sample did not have an adequate chromatographic fingerprint. The labelling of multicomponent products was not appropriate. The TLC test suggests that based on the resulting fingerprint they contain E. purpureae herba. However, due to the presence of other components, the TLC does not allow a clear conclusion regarding the exact composition of the products. The developed HPLC method enables quantification of the concentration of caffeic acid, chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic and caftaric acids mixture in dietary supplements. None of the tested products contained echinacoside, which is a specific component of E. angustifolia and E. pallida root. In our method, the quantification of caftaric acid is approximate, because it partially overlaps the chlorogenic acid, which is a common component of plant samples, but negligible in Echinacea sp. The tested dietary supplements have a caffeic acid content of 20-140 µg/g, a chicoric acid content of 0.19-2.64 mg/g; the mixture of chlorogenic and caftartic acid is about 0.23-2.07 mg/g.
摘要本研究旨在探讨罗马尼亚市场上含有紫锥菊的膳食补充剂及其定性特征。2018年,通过基于罗马尼亚医药管理局(Agenția Națională a Medicamentului a Dispozitivelor Medicale din romnia - ANMDMR)注册的电子搜索,以及农业和农村发展部注册的膳食补充剂清单(Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru bioresse Alimentare - IBA București, Serviciul național pentru plante medicinale,芳香și甘露甘露)。在罗马尼亚没有注册含有紫锥菊的药物。然而,登记在案的58种膳食补充剂中,52%为单一成分,29%含有其他草药、植物提取物或维生素,19%登记为茶。80%的单组分产品和76%的多组分补充剂的标签信息不足:植物名称、使用部位和加工方法(粒度、提取物、数量)没有明确标识。在列出的膳食补充剂中,对制药实践中最常用的12种配方进行了植物化学色谱评价:使用薄层色谱和/或高效液相色谱分析。通过薄层色谱分析,7个单组分产品中有3个具有合适的色谱指纹图谱。一个单组分样品没有足够的色谱指纹图谱。多组分产品的标签不合适。薄层色谱检测结果表明,指纹图谱中含有紫荆草。然而,由于其他成分的存在,薄层色谱不能对产品的确切成分作出明确的结论。建立了高效液相色谱法定量测定膳食补充剂中咖啡酸、菊苣酸、紫锥菊苷、绿原酸和藜麦酸混合物的含量。所有检测产品均不含紫锥菊苷,紫锥菊苷是紫锥菊和苍白根的特定成分。在我们的方法中,由于其部分与绿原酸重叠,因此对其定量是近似的,绿原酸是植物样品中常见的成分,但在紫锥菊属中可以忽略不计。所测试的膳食补充剂中,咖啡酸含量为20-140µg/g,菊苣酸含量为0.19-2.64 mg/g;绿原与酒石酸的混合物约0.23-2.07 mg/g。