Combustion performance of flame-ignited high-speed train seats via full-scale tests

Jie Zhu , Xiao Ju Li , Cheng Feng Mie
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Determining the combustion characteristics of combustibles in high-speed trains is the foundation of evaluating the fire hazard on high-speed trains scientifically, and establishing effective active and passive fire precautions. In this study, the double seats in the compartments of CRH1 high-speed trains were used as the main research object. Under different test conditions, including the power of ignition sources and ventilation rates, full-scale furniture calorimeter tests were conducted to study important fire combustion characteristics such as the ignition characteristics of seats, heat release rate, mass loss rate, total heat release, temperature variation, and smoke release rate. The relationships among these parameters were analyzed and summarized into combustion behavior and characteristics, thus providing fundamental data and reference for the development of fire precautions and safety design of high-speed trains. The results in this test are as follows: (i) The double seats of high-speed trains are relatively easy to ignite and susceptible to the fire ground environment. (ii) The combustion temperature in the test apparatus exceeded 600 °C in only 2 min for the larger ignition source. (iii) The heat release rate exceeded 800 kW. (iv) The total heat release resulted mainly from flame combustion. (v) The final mass loss rate was ∼30%. (vi) The lowest light transmittance was <25%. (vii) The change process of temperature with time has the same trend as the change process of heat release rate. (viii) Suppressing flame combustion and controlling the smoke generated from the seat materials themselves played key roles in retarding the combustion of high-speed train seats.

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火焰点燃式高速列车座椅全尺寸燃烧性能试验
确定高速列车内可燃物的燃烧特性,是科学评价高速列车火灾危险性,建立有效的主动和被动火灾防范措施的基础。本研究以CRH1高速列车车厢内的双座位为主要研究对象。在不同的测试条件下,包括点火源功率和通风量,进行全尺寸家具量热计测试,研究座椅的着火特性、放热率、质量损失率、总放热率、温度变化、排烟率等重要的火灾燃烧特性。将这些参数之间的关系分析总结为燃烧行为和特性,为高速列车防火和安全设计的发展提供基础数据和参考。试验结果表明:(1)高速列车双座车厢相对容易引燃,易受火场环境影响。(ii)对于较大的点火源,测试装置内的燃烧温度仅在2分钟内超过600℃。(3)放热速率超过800kw。(4)放热总量主要来源于火焰燃烧。(v)最终质量损失率为~ 30%。(vi)最低透光率为25%。(vii)温度随时间的变化过程与放热速率的变化过程具有相同的趋势。(八)抑制火焰燃烧和控制座椅材料本身产生的烟雾是减缓高铁座椅燃烧的关键。
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