Role of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-4 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Abstract

Background: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial disease, those mechanisms are not fully understood. A significant role of cytokines, e.g., interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-10, IL-17А, IL-4, and their genes, in the pathogenesis and predisposition to CRSwNP and treatment efficacy is established. Aim: to investigate IL-1β (Т-31С), TNF-α (G-308A), IL-10 (G-1082A), IL-17(G-197A), and IL-4 (С-589Т) gene polymorphisms and their role in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Patients and Methods: this open-label, prospective, randomized study enrolled 100 patients with CRSwNP. The control group included 72 healthy volunteers. DNA was isolated from the whole venous blood. IL-1β (Т-31С), TNF-α (G-308A), IL-10 (G-1082A), IL-17 (G-197A), and IL-4 (С-589Т) gene polymorphisms were assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: the analysis of IL-4 (С-589Т) gene polymorphism has demonstrated that 589С/С genotype is more common in CRSwNP patients compared to the controls (р=0.021, odds ratio/OR=1.248 [0.449–3.465]). The analysis of IL-10 (G-1082A) gene polymorphism has demonstrated that 1082А/A genotype is more common in CRSwNP patients compared to the controls (p=0.043, OR=1.027 [0.374–2.830]). The analysis of IL-17 (G-197A) gene polymorphism has demonstrated that 197A/А genotype is more common in CRSwNP patients than in the controls (p=0.046, OR=7.250 [0.863–2.532]). The analysis of TNF-α (G-308A) gene polymorphism has demonstrated that 308 G/G genotype is more common in CRSwNP patients compared to the controls (p=0.045, OR=1.789 [0.892–4.776]). Conclusion: the most relevant predictors of the increased risk of CRSwNP are 589С/С genotype of IL-4 gene, 1082А/A genotype of IL-10 gene, 197A/А genotype of IL-17 gene, and 308 G/G genotype of TNF-α gene. The analysis of essential cytokine gene polymorphisms, i.e., IL- 1β (Т-31С), TNF-α (G-308A), IL-10 (G-1082A), IL-17 (G-197A), and IL-4 (С-589Т), allows assessing genetic predisposition to CRSwNP. This technique is an important tool for predicting treatment efficacy. KEYWORDS: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, cytokines, genotype, gene polymorphism, pathogenic mechanisms. FOR CITATION: Baranova N.I., Molotilov B.A., Ashchina L.A., Shkurova N.A. Role of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-4 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(2):57–61 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-2-57-61.