The autocuidado and the security in patients with standing diabetic risk

Abstract

Diabetic foot is a chronic complication of Diabetes Mellitus, which affects the life of these patients. One of the most common complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is diabetic foot ulcer (UPD), a significant source of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hence, it is suggested that between 10‒15% of diabetic patients develop an UPD at some point in their lives and of those between 10‒15% ends in an amputation. The most feared complication of diabetes mellitus is the amputation of a member, with the psychological and social burden that comes with it,1,2 It is currently estimated that more than 25% of the hospital admissions of diabetics in the US, Great Britain, Spain and Mexico are related to problems in their feet.3 In Cuba, at the National Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, where there is a specialized service in diabetic angiopathy, 20% of patients who enter is diabetic foot between 8% and 13% where you can establish a causal relationship statistically.4,5 There is a criterion that approximately 15% of all patients with diabetes mellitus develop an ulcer in the foot or leg during the course of their disease, in the Province of Matanzas 13% of patients admitted is per diabetic foot, in the Municipality of Colón there is a prevalence of patients with diabetic foot ulcers of 8%, that’s why the importance of education since people with diabetes can prevent diabetic foot with a personal, individual and collective education. Self‒care is the key to maintaining health one of the great theories of nursing, Dorothea Elizabeth Orem, described Nursing in 1958 as a service. He then established his theory of self‒ care deficit as a general model and addressed self‒care as a human need. He highlighted the particular attention to be paid by nurses to the satisfaction of the need for self‒care of people, to prolong their life and health or to recover from injuries and illnesses.6,7 The educational support system that we apply in this study is based on the Dorothea Orem self‒care model, taking into account the risk factors of diabetic foot and the need to integrate self‒care as a model in the patient’s daily behavior to contribute to the reduction of complications and amputations in lower limbs,8‒10 taking into account the following objectives: Show the effectiveness of an educational intervention as the basis of the model for the comprehensive care of the diabetic, determine the epidemiological and sociodemographic clinical aspects related to diabetes mellitus, Identify the self‒care knowledge that these patients have with diabetological education and foot care.