Gastric Adenomyoma: A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Modern Literature

Abstract

Gastric adenomyoma is a rare, benign neoplasm, often mistaken as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor and not properly identified until after surgical excision. The importance of defining the diagnosis in this entity is highlighted by the fact that these tumors do not require surgical excision. General knowledge of this neoplasm is lacking among physicians. In case reports, this tumor was either incidentally discovered and removed or found during workup for nonspecific GI symptoms and removed because of suspicion for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Multiple papers state that surgical excision is necessary for diagnostic clarity. We present an updated review of the modern literature and a case of gastric adenomyoma, as well as define an algorithm using histology and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains (desmin, CKIT, DOG1, PDGF and CK7) for the diagnosis of gastric adenomyoma in a noninvasive manner in order to potentially avoid unnecessary surgery.