Vanishing bone disease: Decoding the rare entity of Gorham–Stout disease

Abstract

Vanishing bone disease is a rare entity with an obscure cause and undetermined pathophysiology and characterized by spontaneous and progressive resorption of bones. To date, the etiology of Gorham–Stout syndrome is still controversial. However, LYVE-1, a receptor, and podoplanin, a transmembrane glycoprotein identified by the antibody D2-40, are two extensively used molecular markers of lymphatic endothelial cells. These markers do exist in the medullary and cortical portions of Gorham–Stout disease (GSD) patients' bones. The following case report describes a case of 32-year-old male with GSD involving the maxilla with a brief discussion on etiopathogenesis, clinical features, radiological and histological findings, and diagnosis with treatment options.