The fundamental problem blocking open access and how to overcome it: the BitViews project

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI:10.1629/uksg.488
Camillo Lamanna, Manfredi M. A. La Manna
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In our view the fundamental obstacle to open access (OA) is the lack of any incentive-based mechanism that unbundles authors’ accepted manuscripts (AMs) from articles (VoRs). The former can be seen as the public good that ought to be openly accessible, whereas the latter is owned by publishers and rightly paywall-restricted. We propose one such mechanism to overcome this obstacle: BitViews. BitViews is a blockchain-based application that aims to revolutionize the OA publishing ecosystem. Currently, the main academic currency of value is the citation. There have been attempts in the past to create a second currency whose measure is the online usage of research materials (e.g. PIRUS). However, these have failed due to two problems. Firstly, it has been impossible to find a single agency willing to co-ordinate and fund the validation and collation of global online usage data. Secondly, online usage metrics have lacked transparency in how they filter non-human online activity. BitViews is a novel solution which uses blockchain technology to bypass both problems: online AMS usage will be recorded on a public, distributed ledger, obviating the need for a central responsible agency, and the rules governing activity-filtering will be part of the open-source BitViews blockchain application, creating complete transparency. Once online AMS usage has measurable value, researchers will be incentivized to promote and disseminate AMs. This will fundamentally re-orient the academic publishing ecosystem. A key feature of BitViews is that its success (or failure) is wholly and exclusively in the hands of the worldwide community of university and research libraries, as we suggest that it ought to be financed by conditional crowdfunding, whereby the actual financial commitment of each contributing library depends on the total amount raised. If the financing target is not reached, then all contributions are returned in full and if the target is over-fulfilled, then the surplus is returned pro rata.
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阻碍开放访问的根本问题以及如何克服它:BitViews项目
在我们看来,开放获取(OA)的根本障碍是缺乏任何基于激励的机制,将作者的接受稿件(AMs)与文章(vor)分开。前者可以被视为应该公开获取的公共产品,而后者归出版商所有,理应受到付费墙的限制。我们提出一个这样的机制来克服这个障碍:BitViews。BitViews是一个基于区块链的应用程序,旨在彻底改变OA出版生态系统。目前,主要的学术价值货币是引文。过去曾有人尝试创建第二种货币,其衡量标准是研究资料的在线使用情况(例如PIRUS)。然而,由于两个问题,这些都失败了。首先,不可能找到一个愿意协调和资助全球在线使用数据验证和整理的机构。其次,在线使用指标在如何过滤非人类在线活动方面缺乏透明度。BitViews是一种新颖的解决方案,它使用区块链技术绕过了这两个问题:在线AMS的使用将被记录在一个公共的分布式账本上,从而消除了对中央负责机构的需要,管理活动过滤的规则将成为开源BitViews区块链应用程序的一部分,从而创造了完全的透明度。一旦在线医疗辅助系统的使用具有可衡量的价值,研究人员就会被激励去推广和传播医疗辅助系统。这将从根本上重新定位学术出版生态系统。BitViews的一个关键特点是,它的成功(或失败)完全掌握在全球大学和研究型图书馆的手中,正如我们建议的那样,它应该通过有条件的众筹来融资,每个捐赠图书馆的实际财务承诺取决于筹集的总金额。如果没有达到筹资目标,那么所有捐款将全额返还,如果目标超额完成,那么剩余部分将按比例返还。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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