Polybrominated diphenyl ethers concentrations in metals and plastics scrap impacted soils: Pollution load, sources, ecological, and onsite human health implications
O. O. Emoyan, G. Tesi, E. Ohwo, C. Olisah, S. U. Oghoje
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引用次数: 2
Abstract
Abstract The usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as fire-resistant additives was banned several years ago; however, they persist in several environmental compartments. This study determined the concentrations and associated exposure risks of Ʃ39PBDEs in soil depth samples from selected metals and plastics scrap catchments in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Samples extraction was performed by the Soxhlet extraction method followed by GC-MS analysis. The mean concentrations of ∑39PBDEs-congeners ranged from 0.01 ± 001 to 25 ± 11.0 ng g−1 in the topsoil and 0.01 ± 0.01 to 6.50 ± 4.7 ng g−1 in the subsoil. The PBDE homologue profiles were dominated by di, penta, hexa, and tri-BDEs. The PBDEs cancer and non-cancer risk for infants were higher than those in adults, expressed in the following order: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. In general, the sum for the three exposure pathways was within the allowable threshold limit, suggesting a low lifetime cancer risk from soil exposures. The technical mixture used for paints, plastics, hydraulic, and dielectric insulating fluids for transformers, capacitors, cable wires, and power capacitors is a potential source of Ʃ39PBDEs in the study area. With the increase in metals scrap enterprise in Nigeria, this study provides empirical data useful for the development of efficient strategies to strengthen and enforce existing regulations for metals and plastics scrap land use in Nigeria and other similar catchments around the world.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Forensics provides a forum for scientific investigations that address environment contamination, its sources, and the historical reconstruction of its release into the environment. The context for investigations that form the published papers in the journal are often subjects to regulatory or legal proceedings, public scrutiny, and debate. In all contexts, rigorous scientific underpinnings guide the subject investigations.
Specifically, the journal is an international, quarterly, peer-reviewed publication offering scientific studies that explore or are relevant to the source, age, fate, transport, as well as human health and ecological effects of environmental contamination. Journal subject matter encompasses all aspects of contamination mentioned above within the environmental media of air, water, soil, sediments and biota. Data evaluation and analysis approaches are highlighted as well including multivariate statistical methods. Journal focus is on scientific and technical information, data, and critical analysis in the following areas:
-Contaminant Fingerprinting for source identification and/or age-dating, including (but not limited to) chemical, isotopic, chiral, mineralogical/microscopy techniques, DNA and tree-ring fingerprinting
-Specific Evaluative Techniques for source identification and/or age-dating including (but not limited to) historical document and aerial photography review, signature chemicals, atmospheric tracers and markets forensics, background concentration evaluations.
-Statistical Evaluation, Contaminant Modeling and Data Visualization
-Vapor Intrusion including delineating the source and background values of indoor air contamination
-Integrated Case Studies, employing environmental fate techniques
-Legal Considerations, including strategic considerations for environmental fate in litigation and arbitration, and regulatory statutes and actions
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