Least Cost Design of Water Main System in Series

Abstract

The water main system connected in series for water distribution having an outlet at the end of each pipe, with known inlet water head and permissible residual head at the extreme end of the main, can be designed without the help of a computer for least cost, by combining the Hazen-Williams equation for pipe flow and pipe cost function. The pipe cost function that has been used herein is valid for built-up areas of England. However, appropriate values of K and m of pipe cost function can be taken for the area for which the design is required.