Closing the Gap in Characterizing the Parent Child Effect for Unconventional Reservoirs - A Case of Study in Vaca Muerta Shale Formation

A. Lerza, Sergio Cuervo, Sahil Malhotra
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

In Shale and Tight, the term "Parent-Child effect" refers to the impact the depleted area and corresponding stress changes originated by the production of a previously drilled well, the "parent", has over the generated hydraulic fracture geometry, conforming initial drainage area and consequent production performance of a new neighbor well, called "child". Such effect might be considered analogous to the no flow boundary created when the drainage areas of two wells meet at a certain distance from them in conventional reservoirs; but, unconventional developments exhibit higher exposure to a more impactful version of this phenomena, given their characteristic tighter well spacing and the effect pressure depletion of the nearby area by the neighbor well has over the child well's hydraulic fracture development. Due to the importance the Parent-Child effect has for unconventional developments, this study aims first to generally characterize this effect and then quantify its expected specific project impact based on real field data from the Vaca Muerta formation. To do so, we developed a methodology where fracture and reservoir simulation were applied for calibrating a base model using field observed data such as microseismic, tracers, daily production data and well head pressure measurements. The calibrated model was then coupled with a geomechanical reservoir simulator and used to predict pressure and stress tensor profiles across different depletion times. On these different resulting scenarios, child wells were hydraulically fractured with varying well spacing and completion designs. Finally, the Expected Ultimate Recovery (EUR) impact versus well spacing and the parent´s production time were built for different child´s completion design alternatives, analyzed and contrasted against previously field observed data. Results obtained from the characterization work suggests the parent child effect is generated by a combination of initial drainage area changes and stress magnitude and direction changes, which are both dependent of the pressure depletion from the parent well. Furthermore, the results show how the well spacing and parent's production timing, as well as parent's and child's completion design, significantly affect the magnitude of the expected parent child effect impact over the child's EUR.
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缩小非常规储层亲子效应表征的差距——以Vaca Muerta页岩组为例
在页岩和致密气藏中,“亲子效应”一词是指先前钻过的一口井(“母井”)的生产所产生的枯竭区域和相应的应力变化对新邻井(“子井”)所产生的水力裂缝几何形状、一致的初始排水面积和随后的生产性能的影响。这种效应可以被认为类似于常规油藏中,当两口井的排水区在一定距离处相遇时所产生的无流边界;但是,非常规开发更容易受到这种现象的影响,因为非常规开发的井间距更小,相邻井对附近区域的压力耗尽对子井水力裂缝发育的影响更大。由于亲子效应对非常规开发的重要性,本研究旨在首先对这种效应进行一般描述,然后根据Vaca Muerta地层的实际现场数据量化其预期的具体项目影响。为此,我们开发了一种方法,利用微地震、示踪剂、日产量数据和井口压力测量等现场观测数据,应用裂缝和油藏模拟来校准基础模型。然后,将校准后的模型与地质力学油藏模拟器相结合,用于预测不同枯竭时间的压力和应力张量剖面。在这些不同的情景下,采用不同的井距和完井设计对子井进行水力压裂。最后,针对不同的完井设计方案,建立了预期最终采收率(EUR)对井距和母井生产时间的影响,并与之前的现场观察数据进行了分析和对比。表征结果表明,父-子效应是由初始泄油面积变化、应力大小和方向变化共同作用产生的,而应力大小和方向变化都取决于母井的压力损耗。此外,研究结果还表明,井距、母井生产时间以及母井和子井完井设计显著影响了预期亲子效应对子井EUR的影响程度。
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