Estimation of stability-related soil properties using mid-infrared spectroscopy for non-agricultural land use in Lake Victoria basin, Kenya

B. Waruru, K. Shepherd, G. Ndegwa, A. Sila, P. Kamoni
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Methods for rapid and accurate soil tests are needed for stability-related soil properties, which are valuable for non-agricultural land use. The study tested the applicability of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for rapid estimation of selected stability-related soil properties. Two sample sets, representing different soils from across the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya, were used for the study. A model calibration set (n = 135) was obtained following a conditioned Latin hypercube sampling, and a validation set (n = 120) was obtained from independent sites using a spatially stratified random sampling strategy. Air-dried and ground (<0.5 mm) soils were scanned using a high-throughput screening accessory for diffuse reflectance attached to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Soil properties for interval-depth datasets were calibrated to smoothed first derivative MIR spectra using partial least-square regression (PLS) and the results were evaluated using hold-out full cross-validation. MIR spectra resulted in good prediction models with coefficient of determination (R2 ) ≥ 0.60 for air-dried moisture content (mc), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI), linear shrinkage (LS), coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), volumetric shrinkage (VS), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and total sand content (tSa). Further independent validation gave R2 ≥ 0.72 and a ratio of prediction deviation (RPD) 3.8–2.0 for mc, LL, PI, LS, COLE, VS and CEC. MIR provides rapid estimation of several soil properties that provide stability indices valuable for non-agricultural land use in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. Further studies should test MIR PLS for interval/separate-depth calibrations and MIR screening of soil properties based on limitation classes commonly applied in civil works.
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肯尼亚维多利亚湖流域非农业用地中红外光谱稳定性相关土壤特性估算
快速准确的土壤稳定性测试方法对非农业土地利用具有重要意义。该研究测试了中红外光谱(MIR)在快速估计选定的与稳定性有关的土壤性质方面的适用性。研究中使用了两组代表肯尼亚维多利亚湖盆地不同土壤的样本。通过条件拉丁超立方体采样获得模型校准集(n = 135),采用空间分层随机采样策略从独立站点获得验证集(n = 120)。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪附加的漫反射高通量筛选附件对风干和地面(<0.5 mm)土壤进行扫描。使用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)将间隔深度数据集的土壤特性校准为平滑的一阶导数MIR光谱,并使用保留完全交叉验证对结果进行评估。MIR光谱对风干含水率(mc)、液限(LL)、塑性限(PL)、塑性指数(PI)、线性收缩率(LS)、线性延伸系数(COLE)、体积收缩率(VS)、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和总含砂量(tSa)的预测系数(R2)≥0.60,具有良好的预测模型。进一步的独立验证表明,mc、LL、PI、LS、COLE、VS和CEC的预测偏差比(RPD)为3.8 ~ 2.0,R2≥0.72。MIR提供了几种土壤特性的快速估计,为肯尼亚维多利亚湖盆地的非农业土地利用提供了有价值的稳定性指数。进一步的研究应测试MIR PLS用于间隔/分深度校准和基于土建工程中常用的限制等级的土壤特性的MIR筛选。
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