Chelating Agents as a Stimulation Fluid with a Negative Reaction Order: More Diluted Solutions React Faster with Carbonates

Abstract

Chelating agents are used to stimulate high-temperature carbonate reservoirs and remove mineral scales. For field applications, commercial chelates—EDTA, DTPA, GLDA, etc.—are commonly supplied as 35–50 wt% (1.2–1.7 M) solutions and diluted two times in water. However, the dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of chelate in solution has never been quantified. This paper focuses on determining the kinetics of calcite dissolution as a function of the dilution factor of commonly used chelates at acidic pH. Using a rotating disk apparatus, the kinetics of calcite marble dissolution in 0.1–0.25 M EDTA (pH=4.9–5.0), 0.1–0.25 M DTPA (pH=3.5–5.0), and 0.28–0.85 M GLDA (pH=3.7–5.0) solutions has been investigated. The dissolution of calcite in all chelates has a negative fractional-order that increases with temperature in the range -0.6 < n < -1.9. Thus, less concentrated chelate solutions react faster with calcite, and the effect of chelate dilution becomes less pronounced with a temperature increase. For example, three times dilution of pH≈3.7 commercial GLDA solution—from commonly used 50 vol% (0.85 M) to 16.7 vol% (0.28 M)—increases calcite dissolution rate 8.4, 4.9, 2.7, and 2.0 times at 98.6, 116.6, 134.6, and 188.6°F, respectively. Dilution of pH=5.0 EDTA and pH=3.5 DTPA from 0.25 M to 0.1 M increases the dissolution rate of calcite 1.4–3.1 times at 98.6–188.6°F. Probable reasons for such an unusual reaction behavior are discussed in the paper. Presented results are integral for designing the stimulation operations in carbonate reservoir rocks and the removal of carbonate scales.