Post-COVID-19 sequela: Massive tubercular pericardial effusion in immunocompromised patient

Abstract

Long-term sequelae following COVID-19 infection are not well established. Hence, COVID-19 sequelae are been studied extensively as cases are being followed up to reduce avoidable prolonged morbidity and mortality in the country. COVID-19 and currently available drugs for treatment are both reasons for a change in immune status of patients leading to reactivation or increase the chance of infection of common diseases like tuberculosis (TB), particularly in India. A case of post-COVID-19 disease (2 months back) presented with breathlessness and chest pain. On history, workup, and evaluation, the case was diagnosed with massive tubercular pericardial effusion suggesting reactivation of latent TB in a post-COVID-19 disease. Due to COVID-19 disease itself and possible immunomodulatory drugs used for treatment, reactivation of latent TB has to be considered in post-COIVD-19 disease with nonspecific presentation and unexplained prolonged clinical course of the disease. This case highlights the need of further follow-up of COVID-19 patients to understand the effects of disease on the immune system and the possibilities of opportunistic infections, especially after this second wave of COVID-19.