Criticism of capitalism and socialism in the philosophy of Nikolai Berdyaev

Anna F. Makarova
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Abstract

Philosophical understanding of the economy and economics is not the main, but significant topic of the reflections of Russian religious philosophers. It is important to trace the specifics of the formation of the Russian view on the economy and economics, on the basic principles of the economic systems’ structure (among which we can single out capitalism and socialism), since the interpretation of Russian thinkers, including N. А. Berdyaev, cannot be included in the mainstream of Western economic thought. The article examines the criticism of capitalism and socialism in the post-revolutionary works of Nikolai Berdyaev, highlights the key contradictions of the two basic principles of economic organization with the post-revolutionary views of the thinker, which were significantly strengthened after the revolutionary events of 1917; these views can be conditionally called socialist-personalistic. Inheriting the tradition of Russian thought, Berdyaev unequivocally rejects the capitalist principles (in many respects this attitude was formed by the period of his legal Marxism), while he assesses socialist concepts ambiguously, with a certain amount of sympathy for the very socialist formulation of the problem of justice and the fight against “slavery”, exploitation of a man by a man. The article indicates the main line of criticism of Christian socialism by Berdyaev, and also describes his preferred variant of socialism, that he called “social personalism”.
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别尔嘉耶夫哲学中对资本主义和社会主义的批判
对经济和经济学的哲学理解不是俄罗斯宗教哲学家反思的主要但重要的话题。重要的是追溯俄罗斯经济和经济学观形成的具体细节,以及经济体系结构的基本原则(其中我们可以挑选出资本主义和社会主义),因为包括N. А在内的俄罗斯思想家的解释。别尔嘉耶夫不能被纳入西方经济思想的主流。本文考察了别尔嘉耶夫后革命时期著作中对资本主义和社会主义的批判,强调了别尔嘉耶夫后革命时期经济组织的两种基本原则与他的后革命时期观点的主要矛盾,这种矛盾在1917年革命事件后得到了显著加强;这些观点可以有条件地称为社会主义个人主义。继承了俄罗斯思想的传统,别尔嘉耶夫毫不含糊地拒绝资本主义原则(在许多方面,这种态度是由他的法律马克思主义时期形成的),而他对社会主义概念的评价含糊不清,对正义问题的社会主义表述和反对“奴隶制”的斗争有一定程度的同情,一个人剥削一个人。文章指出别尔嘉耶夫批判基督教社会主义的主要路线,并描述了他所偏爱的社会主义变体,他称之为“社会人格主义”。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
审稿时长
22 weeks
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