SUBVERSION OF PRE-DEFINED FEMALE GENDER ROLES IN PAKISTANI SOCIETY: A FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF THE SHADOW OF THE CRESCENT MOON, BUTTERFLY SEASON AND STAINED

Dr. Saba Zaidi, Mehwish Sahibzada, S. Farooq
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Abstract

The present research aspires to represent the subversion of pre-defined gender roles in the novels; The Shadow of the Crescent Moon (2013) by Fatima Bhutto, Butterfly Season (2014) by Natasha Ahmed, and Stained (2016) by Abda Khan. The researchers had tried to depict the destabilization of gender-based stereotyped identity from the Pakistani perspective. The selected method of study was Feminist Analysis by Tyson (2006), which examined literature as a medium to represent feminist issues, whereas; the theoretical angle of “Matrix of Domination” from Collins’ (2004) Feminist/Gender theory was used as a principle to analyze and depict the subversion of pre-defined gender roles in the selected novels. Present study aimed to establish the notion of gender as a social construct that could be subverted through literary discourses that have the potential to challenge the power-based gender roles within a patriarchal society. In this regard, different critical works of prominent theorists and writers had been discussed briefly in the literature review to project the significance of the works by contemporary Pakistani women writers as a medium to subvert identities formed by their society. Gender was also a means of power, through which the dominant sought to control the subordinate. The objective of the research was to suggest that gender is socially constructed, therefore, it can be deconstructed through literature. The selected novels exemplify the current gender inclinations of today’s Pakistan with the pen of female writers. Stereotyped gender identity is a socially constructed vice that divides humans into segments, hence it is required of the contemporary discourses to decenter such power discourses that perpetuate hegemonic boundaries and restrict the women into social shackles of imposed identities.
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颠覆巴基斯坦社会中预先定义的女性性别角色:新月的影子、蝴蝶的季节和污点的女权主义分析
本研究力图再现小说中对性别角色的颠覆;法蒂玛·布托的《新月的阴影》(2013)、娜塔莎·艾哈迈德的《蝴蝶季节》(2014)和阿布达·汗的《染色》(2016)。研究人员试图从巴基斯坦的角度描述基于性别的刻板印象身份的不稳定。本文选择的研究方法是Tyson(2006)的《女权主义分析》,该研究将文学作为代表女权主义问题的媒介,而;以Collins(2004)的“Matrix of Domination”为理论视角,以女性主义/性别理论为原则,分析和描绘小说对预设性别角色的颠覆。本研究旨在确立性别作为一种社会结构的概念,这种社会结构可以通过文学话语来颠覆,这些话语有可能挑战父权社会中基于权力的性别角色。在这方面,在文献综述中简要讨论了杰出理论家和作家的不同批评作品,以突出当代巴基斯坦女作家作品作为颠覆其社会形成的身份的媒介的意义。性别也是权力的一种手段,通过它,统治者试图控制下属。研究的目的是表明性别是社会建构的,因此,它可以通过文学解构。这些小说选集体现了当今巴基斯坦女性作家的性别倾向。刻板的性别认同是一种社会建构的恶习,它将人类划分为不同的部分,因此当代话语需要将这种延续霸权边界的权力话语去中心化,并将女性限制在强加身份的社会枷锁中。
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