{"title":"AT THE DAWN OF MASONRY ARCHITECTURE – CHURCH REMAINS AND ASSOCIATED BRICK STRUCTURES AT KOROINEN, TURKU","authors":"Tanja Ratilainen","doi":"10.3176/ARCH.2016.1.03","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The remains of an assumed 13th-century episcopal church and associated brick structures at the Cape of Koroinen, southwest Finland, were excavated in 1898–1902. The structures may constitute the first occurrence of masonry buildings, and the use of brick in mainland Finland. Such conclusions, however, have also been questioned. The evaluation of the discoveries has been difficult, because the excavation results were never thoroughly published. The present article re-examines the findings, and discusses their importance for the understanding of Koroinen. The first wooden church at Koroinen had a rectangular nave measuring probably 20 by 10.5 m, and a narrow choir, 4.5 by 4.5 m in size. Inside the choir, a brick altar and brickwalled grave 2 may have been built. The altar foundation measured ca 1.2 by 1.1 m and was possibly erected entirely of bricks. These two structures were mainly constructed of ordinary wall bricks. The nave of the second wooden church measured ca 27.5 by 14.5 m, and it had a narrow choir as well. A brick podium for a baptismal font, as well as a sub-surface drain made mostly of bricks, was presumably connected with the second church. It seems likely that also a brick-walled grave 1 was built into the wooden choir. The wooden church was located at the same place where a choir of stone was later built. Apparently the masonry choir represented the first construction phase of a stone church. It was not planned to be tower-height, and it is not certain whether it was ever completed. Based on the archaeological finds, it seems that site was no longer used in the Late Middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":42767,"journal":{"name":"Estonian Journal of Archaeology","volume":"76 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Estonian Journal of Archaeology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3176/ARCH.2016.1.03","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ARCHAEOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The remains of an assumed 13th-century episcopal church and associated brick structures at the Cape of Koroinen, southwest Finland, were excavated in 1898–1902. The structures may constitute the first occurrence of masonry buildings, and the use of brick in mainland Finland. Such conclusions, however, have also been questioned. The evaluation of the discoveries has been difficult, because the excavation results were never thoroughly published. The present article re-examines the findings, and discusses their importance for the understanding of Koroinen. The first wooden church at Koroinen had a rectangular nave measuring probably 20 by 10.5 m, and a narrow choir, 4.5 by 4.5 m in size. Inside the choir, a brick altar and brickwalled grave 2 may have been built. The altar foundation measured ca 1.2 by 1.1 m and was possibly erected entirely of bricks. These two structures were mainly constructed of ordinary wall bricks. The nave of the second wooden church measured ca 27.5 by 14.5 m, and it had a narrow choir as well. A brick podium for a baptismal font, as well as a sub-surface drain made mostly of bricks, was presumably connected with the second church. It seems likely that also a brick-walled grave 1 was built into the wooden choir. The wooden church was located at the same place where a choir of stone was later built. Apparently the masonry choir represented the first construction phase of a stone church. It was not planned to be tower-height, and it is not certain whether it was ever completed. Based on the archaeological finds, it seems that site was no longer used in the Late Middle Ages.
在芬兰西南部的科罗宁角(Cape of Koroinen),人们于1898年至1902年挖掘出了一座13世纪的圣公会教堂和相关的砖结构建筑。该结构可能构成砌体建筑的第一次出现,并在芬兰大陆使用砖。然而,这样的结论也受到了质疑。对这些发现的评估一直很困难,因为挖掘结果从未彻底公布过。本文重新审视了这些发现,并讨论了它们对理解科罗宁的重要性。科罗宁的第一座木制教堂有一个长方形的中殿,宽20米,宽10.5米,还有一个狭窄的唱诗班,宽4.5米,宽4.5米。在唱诗班内部,可能建造了一个砖祭坛和砖砌的坟墓。祭坛的地基长约1.2米,宽1.1米,可能完全由砖砌成。这两座建筑主要是用普通的墙砖建造的。第二座木制教堂的中殿长约27.5米,宽14.5米,里面也有一个狭窄的唱诗班。一座用作洗礼池的砖砌平台,以及一条主要由砖砌成的地下排水管道,可能与第二座教堂相连。木制唱诗班里似乎还建了一座砖墙坟墓。这座木制教堂位于后来建造的石质唱诗班所在的地方。显然,石砌唱诗班代表了石砌教堂的第一个建设阶段。它并没有被设计成和塔一样高,也不确定它是否完成了。根据考古发现,该遗址似乎在中世纪晚期不再被使用。