"POETISM" AS A SPECIFIC DIRECTION IN ART AND LITERATURE

Abstract

The article examines the literary and artistic direction "poetism", a concept that is insufficiently interpreted and highlighted in Ukrainian literary studies; there is a lack of special studies of this phenomenon in European art of the 20th century in domestic Slavic studies. "Poetism" is the most vivid manifestation of avant-gardeism on the Slavic soil, which, according to many researchers, became a kind of "forerunner" of modern postmodern art. The peculiarities of the literary avant-garde on the Czech territory are determined, its origins and manifestations are clarified. The socio-political and historical background of the emergence of the Czech artistic avant-garde, manifestations of poeticism in literary creativity, in particular in Czech poetry, are studied. An overview of the theoretical foundations of poetics, program manifestos and documents was made, the program, socio-political and literary activities of the artistic group " Devětsil" were considered. Artists did not dream of enriching museums with a few perfect works, they wanted to shape life itself. Art had to descend from the heights to people, to everyday life, as a normal necessity of life. Awareness of the change of eras, the primacy of life over art are the most important features of the Czech post-war avant-garde. It is in lyricism that one feels the changeable worldview, through which representatives of the avant-garde sought to enrich both literature and culture in general. All these changes took place before the eyes of the contemporaries of the era in science, philosophy, and culture: the world, previously complete and unchanged, turned into an open stream in which everything runs and rages. Lyrization in art was marked by the awareness of the turning of the epochs and fully reconciled man with natural happiness. Lyrism filled Czech art with a fabulous atmosphere of playfulness, humor, comic and absurdity of the world. He did not create a new world, because more significant changes were needed for that, he recreated the features of a new direction.