Human Brain Disorders: A Review

Abstract

The brain is the command center of the Central Nervous System (CNS) made up of a large mass of nerve cells, protected in the skull [1 3]. It has three main parts i.e. the cerebrum, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. It controls the intellectual activities of the body, like processing, integrating, and coordinating the information received from the sensory organs. It is a jelly-like mass of tissue, weighing about 1.4 kg, and containing 86 billion nerve cells [4 7]. The cerebrum is connected to the brainstem, which, on the other end, connects to the spinal cord. The brainstem consists of three parts, namely the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. Underneath the cerebral cortex, there are several brain structures, namely the thalamus, the pineal gland, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the amygdala and the hippocampus. The cross-section of each cerebral hemisphere shows a ventricle cavity where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulated. Below the corpus callosum is the septum pellucidum, a membrane that separates the lateral ventricles [8, 9]. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human