Changes of Korean Education and the Fourth Industrial Revolution / Promjene korejskoga obrazovnog sustava i četvrta industrijska revolucija

Abstract

A society’s reality should be reflected in education, that is, educational methods need to keep up with the times. The purpose of this research is to examine the educational methods for the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the education system of Korea. The sample of the research targeted the Korean education system from 1960 to the present in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. A literature review and a descriptive approach were applied to analyze the sample , and the findings indicate that the education system of Korea may be classified into three stages from 1960 to the present. The first stage was nationalism, driven by the government, from 1960 to 1994; the second stage was liberalism, which emphasized autonomy, from 1995 to 2015; and the third stage was creativity for the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, from 2016 to the present. These results indicate that the education stages of nationalism and liberalism still exist in Korea and that past education methods, such as mass education, have not been replaced. T he Fourth Industrial Revolution requires fusion and collaboration in the education sector, and a personalized learning system, which values individual talents, experiences and aptitudes, will expectedly be a crucial factor in determining the educational methods of Korea in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as this research suggests. Key words : collaboration; creativity; fusion; mass education; personalized learning system. --- Obrazovne potrebe trebaju odražavati stvarnost drustva, a obrazovne metode ici u korak s vremenom. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja ispitati obrazovne metode u vremenu cetvrte industrijske revolucije u obrazovnom sustavu Koreje. Uzorkom istraživanja obuhvacen je korejski obrazovni sustav od 1960. do danas, u kontekstu cetvrte industrijske revolucije. Za analizu uzorka koristeni su pregled literature i deskriptivni pristup. Rezultati pokazuju da se u obrazovnom sustavu Koreje od 1960. do danas mogu razlikovati tri stadija: prvi je nacionalizam, potaknut od strane vlade, od 1960. do 1994. godine; drugi je liberalizam, koji je naglasavao autonomiju, od 1995. do 2015. i treci, kreativnost tijekom cetvrte industrijske revolucije, od 2016. do danas. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja pokazuju da su obrazovni stadiji nacionalizma i liberalizma jos uvijek prisutni u Koreji i da obrazovne metode proslosti, poput masovnoga obrazovanja, nisu prevladane. Cetvrta industrijska revolucija zahtijeva stapanje i suradnju unutar obrazovnoga sektora, a ocekuje se da personalizirani sustav ucenja, koji vrednuje pojedinacne talente, iskustva i sklonosti, bude obrazovna metoda buducnosti korejskoga obrazovanja. Stoga, ovo istraživanje pokazuje da ce personalizirani sustav ucenja biti odlucujuci cimbenik u određivanju obrazovnih metoda Koreje u periodu cetvrte industrijske revolucije. Kljucne rijeci : kreativnost; masovno obrazovanje; personalizirani sustav ucenja; stapanje; suradnja.