A theory for the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes: comparison between experimental data and theory
{"title":"A theory for the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes: comparison between experimental data and theory","authors":"A.I. Liapis, R. Bruttini","doi":"10.1016/0956-9618(94)80017-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A theory is constructed to describe quantitatively the dynamic behavior of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes. Experimental data for the freeze-drying of cloxacillin monosodium salt and skim milk are obtained using a pilot freeze-dryer. The comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental data shows that the agreement between experiment and theory is good.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101160,"journal":{"name":"Separations Technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 144-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-9618(94)80017-0","citationCount":"92","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Separations Technology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0956961894800170","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 92
Abstract
A theory is constructed to describe quantitatively the dynamic behavior of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes. Experimental data for the freeze-drying of cloxacillin monosodium salt and skim milk are obtained using a pilot freeze-dryer. The comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental data shows that the agreement between experiment and theory is good.
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