Optical soliton perturbation and polarization with quadratic--cubic nonlinearity by sine-Gordon equation approach

Abstract

This paper recovers a full spectrum of optical solitons that are generated by the combined e(cid:27)ects of dispersion and nonlinearity of the pulse propagation. The quadratic(cid:21)cubic form of the nonlinear refractive index is incorporated in the governing nonlinear Schr(cid:4)odinger equation, which governs the dynamics of the soliton transmission across trans-continental and transoceanic distances. The model is considered with a nonlinear chromatic dispersion that is required to sustain for smooth transmission of soliton pulses in optical (cid:28)bers, couplers, PCF, magneto-optic waveguides, crystals, metamaterials, metasurfaces, birefringent (cid:28)bers, DWDM systems and other form of waveguides. Solitons in birefringent (cid:28)bers as well as solitons in polarization preserving (cid:28)bers are considered. The governing model is treated with Hamiltonian type perturbation terms. The perturbation terms are with full intensity. The model is studied for the intensity count m = 1 . The adopted integration algorithm is the sine-Gordon equation method that reveals single form soliton solutions as well as dual-form soliton solutions. These solitons are dark soliton, singular soliton, bright soliton and combo singular soliton. Also, dark soliton represents a kink/anti-kink solitary wave or a shock wave in (cid:29)uid dynamics. The respective constraint conditions are also in place to guarantee the existence of such solitons.