A critique on Indian Ocean fisheries development

M. Devaraj
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

A holistic approach to fisheries development and management, although ideal, seems hardly practicable in the real world. While commercial criteria should necessarily be the basis for the selection of industrial fishery projects, this should not be strictly insisted upon in the case of small-scale artisanal fisheries which generally characterise marine fisheries in the Indian Ocean region. The present fish catch from the Indian Ocean is one-third of the potential catch and half the existing demand in the Indian Ocean region. By the turn of this century, the present population should have reached the 2000 million mark, thereby closing the gap between the demand and the potential. At the present overall growth rate, the potential for most of the fisheries would be reached between the years 1990 and 2000, and the problems of meeting the demand beyond this century loom large even now. The marked decline of the tuna fishery calls for rigorous international management of high-sea tuna stocks and diversion of effort towards the underexploited skipjack stocks. The export-oriented crustacean fishery has already exceeded its potential, indicating the need for very urgent regulatory measures in national waters. While the overriding objective of Indian Ocean fisheries development programmes should be one of food production for solving the problem of regional malnutrition, that the programmes would be commercially viable is strongly indicated by the estimates of present and potential return on investment. Indian Ocean countries differ strongly from each other in respect of the growth of their marine fisheries. Prospects for growth will depend largely on greater economic inputs, a stable legal regime, international cooperation and a massive assistance programme under an international body like the FAO, to deal with the special problems confronting the developing Indian Ocean countries. Development prospects and needs are indicated for the nine geographical/ecological provinces extending from East Africa to Western Australia.

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对印度洋渔业发展的批评
对渔业发展和管理采取一种全面的办法,虽然是理想的,但在现实世界中似乎很难实行。虽然商业标准必须是选择工业渔业项目的基础,但对于小型手工渔业来说,不应严格坚持这一点,因为小型手工渔业通常是印度洋区域海洋渔业的特点。目前印度洋的捕鱼量是印度洋地区潜在捕鱼量的三分之一,是现有需求的一半。到本世纪初,目前的人口应该达到20亿大关,从而缩小需求和潜力之间的差距。按照目前的总增长率,大多数渔场的潜力将在1990年至2000年之间达到,即使在现在,满足本世纪以后的需求的问题也十分突出。金枪鱼渔业的显著减少要求对公海金枪鱼种群进行严格的国际管理,并将努力转向未充分开发的鲣鱼种群。以出口为导向的甲壳类渔业已经超过了它的潜力,这表明需要在国家水域采取非常紧急的管制措施。虽然印度洋渔业发展方案的首要目标应该是粮食生产,以解决区域营养不良问题,但对目前和潜在投资回报的估计也有力地表明,这些方案在商业上是可行的。印度洋各国在其海洋渔业的增长方面彼此差别很大。增长的前景将在很大程度上取决于更多的经济投入、稳定的法律制度、国际合作和在象粮农组织这样的国际机构下的大规模援助方案,以处理发展中印度洋国家所面临的特殊问题。指出了从东非到西澳大利亚的九个地理/生态省的发展前景和需求。
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