Hygiene of reproduction, maternal culture and sexual differentiation. Eugenics in Argentina and Spain during the interwar period

IF 0.6 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI:10.1080/14701847.2023.2184008
Helena Andrés Granel
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Abstract

ABSTRACT This work analyses the ideas about maternity and female education deriving from different eugenic proposals developed in Argentina and Spain during a period of intense international debate on the implications of voluntary birth control for the future of the race and nations. In an age in which state intervention in human reproduction was presented as a solution to social healthcare problems, an enquiry is made into its evolution in these two countries where a social-hygiene approach to racial issues would prevail in different types of eugenic initiatives which, relating to diverse demographic strategies, expressed fundamental discrepancies on the permissibility or convenience of disseminating birth control methods. These different projects expressly aimed at “hygiene of reproduction” and at helping women to acquire a “maternal culture” are explored by placing the accent on the role of eugenics in the social construction of maternity. Although they took different approaches to sexual morality and bodily autonomy, they essentially propounded medical and educational ideas about reproduction which, based on the cultivation of “femininity,” would establish sexual differentiation as a eugenic value to be preserved and developed in pursuit of racial improvement.
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生殖卫生,母体文化和性别分化。两次世界大战期间阿根廷和西班牙的优生学
本文分析了在阿根廷和西班牙关于自愿节育对种族和国家未来的影响的激烈国际辩论期间,来自不同优生建议的关于生育和女性教育的想法。在国家干预人类生殖被认为是解决社会保健问题的一种办法的时代,我们对这两个国家的发展情况进行了调查,在这两个国家,对种族问题采取社会卫生方法的做法在不同类型的优生倡议中占主导地位,这些优生倡议与不同的人口战略有关,在传播节育方法的可接受性或便利性方面表现出根本差异。这些明确以“生育卫生”和帮助妇女获得“母性文化”为目的的不同项目通过强调优生学在母性的社会建构中的作用进行了探讨。尽管他们在性道德和身体自主方面采取了不同的方法,但他们基本上提出了关于生殖的医学和教育理念,这些理念基于“女性气质”的培养,将性别差异确立为一种优生价值,在追求种族改善的过程中得到保存和发展。
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来源期刊
Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies
Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
33.30%
发文量
23
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