Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions

T. Torsvik, H. Svensen, B. Steinberger, D. Royer, D. Jerram, Morgan T. Jones, M. Domeier
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Most hotspots, kimberlites, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) are sourced by plumes that rise from the margins of two large low shear-wave velocity provinces in the lowermost mantle. These thermochemical provinces have been quasi-stable for hundreds of millions years and plume heads rise through the mantle in about 30Myr or less. LIPs provide a direct link between the deep Earth and the atmosphere but environmental consequences depend on both their volumes and the composition of the crustal rocks they are emplaced through. LIP activity can alter the plate tectonic setting by creating andmodifying plate boundaries and hence changing the paleogeography and its long-term forcing on climate. Extensive blankets of LIP-lava on the Earth’s surface can also enhance silicate weathering and potentially lead to CO2 drawdown, but we find no clear relationship between LIPs and postemplacement variation in atmospheric CO2 proxies on very long (>10 Myrs) time-scales. Subduction flux estimates correlate well with zircon age frequency distributions through time. This suggest that continental arc activity may have played an important role in regulating long-term climate change (greenhouse vs. icehouse conditions) but only the Permo-Carboniferous icehouse show a clear correlation with the zircon record.
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地幔对流和地表表达
大多数热点、金伯利岩和大火成岩省(lip)都来自于地幔最底端两个大的低剪切波速度省的边缘上升的羽流。这些热化学区域在数亿年里都是准稳定的,地幔柱头在大约30Myr或更短的时间内从地幔中升起。lip在地球深处和大气之间提供了直接的联系,但环境后果取决于它们的体积和它们所穿过的地壳岩石的组成。LIP活动可以通过创造和修改板块边界来改变板块构造环境,从而改变古地理及其对气候的长期影响。地球表面广泛覆盖的lip -熔岩也可以增强硅酸盐风化作用,并可能导致二氧化碳的减少,但我们发现在很长的时间尺度(>10 Myrs)上,lip和大气CO2代用物的放置后变化之间没有明确的关系。俯冲通量估计与锆石年龄随时间的频率分布有很好的相关性。这表明大陆弧活动可能在调节长期气候变化(温室与冰窖条件)中发挥了重要作用,但只有二叠纪-石炭纪冰窖与锆石记录有明确的相关性。
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