A review on the effect of carbon based nanofillers on the properties of elastomers

Abstract

Abbreviations: AC, active carbon; C60, fullerene; CB, carbon black; CNTB, carbon nanotube bundles; CNTs, carbon nanotubes; CRGO, chemically reduced graphene oxide; CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CVD, chemical vapor deposition; DETA, dielectric thermal analyser; DMA, dynamic mechanical analysis; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; EBT, entanglementtube model; EBT, Entanglement-tube model; EDX, X-ray analysis; EG, expended graphite; ENR epoxidized natural rubber; EPDM, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber; FC-CVD, floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition; F-CNTs, functionalized carbon nanotubes; FESEM, field emission scanning electron microscope; FGSs, functionalized graphene sheet; FTIR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; GNP, graphene nanoparticles; HNBR, Hydrogenated nitrile–butadiene rubber; HRH, hexamethylene tetramine; HRTEM, high resolution transmission electron microscope; HXNBR, hydrogenated carboxylated nitrile–butadiene rubber; ID, dband; IG, G band; IIR, butyl rubber; MD, machine direction; MEG, modified expanded graphite; MLGS, multi-layered graphenesheet; MPTMS, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; MWCNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes; NBR, nitrile butadiene rubber; NR, natural rubber; OBDs, organic bistable device; PAC, polyaluminium chloride; PCR, polychloroprene rubber; PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane; Phr, perhundred rubber; PLA, polylactic acid; PR, petroleum resin; RGO, reduced graphene oxide; SA, stearic acid; SAXS, small angle x-ray scattering; SAXS, x-ray scattering measurement; SBR, styrene– butadiene rubber; SE, shielding effectiveness; SEM, scanning electron microscope; SIC, strain-induced crystallization; SLES, sodiumlaurethsulfate; SRM, solidrocketmotor; SWNTs, singlewalled carbon nanotubes; TD, transverse direction; TEGO, thermallyexfoliated graphite oxide; TEM, transmission electron microscope; Tg, transition temperature; TGA, Thermal gravimetric analysis; TGA, thermo gravimetric analysis; TiO2, titanium dioxide; TPNRs, thermoplastic natural rubber; UV, ultraviolet; WAXD, wide angle diffraction; XRD, X-ray diffraction; ZnO, zinc oxide Introduction