Adjuncts to Facial Rejuvenation

Abstract

The preferred methods for facial rejuvenation have been changing over the past decade, with operative procedures on the decline and minimally invasive, office-based procedures on the rise. As a result, it is critical for plastic surgery practitioners to understand the intricacies of the use of neuromodulators and soft tissue fillers in this milieu. While these procedures are usually performed in an office, without general anesthesia, the risk of significant complications still exists. The knowledge of facial anatomy, techniques, and pitfalls is essential for achieving high quality, predictable, and reproducible results. Likewise, when a complication arises, prompt recognition and appropriate treatment is paramount. In this chapter, the history, purpose, technical guidelines, and complications of adjunctive techniques for facial rejuvenation are reviewed in detail. This review contains 2 tables, and 52 references. Keywords: facial rejuvenation, neuromodulator, soft tissue filler, botulinum toxin, dermal filler, aging face, facial rhytids, filler complications, glabellar lines, nasolabial fold