PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON GERMINATION AND FERTILIZATION OF SOPHORA PLANT. 1- ENHANCING GERMINATION OF MESCAL BEAN (Sophora secundiflora) SEEDS HARD–TO-GERMINATE.

A. Sayed
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Abstract

The seeds of Mescal-bean (Sophora secundiflora) have an extremely hard red shells and can take years to germinate. The current study was undertaken to break the physical dormancy of such seeds under semi-shade at the nursery of AlZohriya Garden, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt, during 2017 and 2018 seasons by subjecting them to some pre-sowing treatments includeing untreated seeds (control), soaking in tap water for 48 h. at room temperature, soaking in hot water (60-70C) for 48 h (thermal scarification), rasping with a file (mechanical scarification), rasping + soaking in tap water for 24 h. (combined treatment) and soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid (98.5 %) for 1, 2 or 3 h. (chemical scarification). The seeds were sown in 16-cm-diameter plastic pots (10 seeds/pot) filled with about 1.5 kg of an equal mixture of sand and clay (1:1, v : v). The results indicated that the highest germination percentage (G%) and the least No. days to either 50 % germination or higher were achieved by soaking in hot water for 48 h treatment in both seasons, while control and all other treatments failed to increase G % to 50 % in both seasons. The best germination rate index, vigour index, seed viability and epicotyl length were also attained by hot water treatment. Soaking the seeds in tap water for 48 h. under room temperature did not affect the amount water uptake by the seeds, while other treatments greatly affected this parameter, as the greatest amount of water was taken up by the seeds rasped with a file or soaked in concen. H2SO4 for 3 h. treatments followed by soaking the seeds in hot water. However, the former treatments made the seeds absorb the maximum amount of water in the first 24 h., and this amount was steady afterwards, whereas the latter made water absorption continuous till the end of soaking time. A similar response occurred as well in respect of seedling vegetative and root growth measurements and the leaf content of pigments, total soluble sugars and indoles, as hot water treatment gave the utmost high means at all. In addition, the different treatments induced a marked decrement in the concentration of phenols , where the greatest decrement was also recorded by the hot water treatment. From the foregoing, it can be recommended to soak seeds of Mescal-bean (Sophora secundiflora) tree in hot water (60-70C) for 48 h. to score the best germination and seedling growth.
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槐属植物萌发与受精的生理研究。促进难产豆(苦豆)种子发芽。
黄豆(Sophora secundiflora)的种子有非常坚硬的红色外壳,需要数年才能发芽。目前的研究是为了打破这类种子在半遮荫下的物理休眠,在奥尔佐赫里亚花园,Hort苗圃。在2017年和2018年季节,通过对它们进行一些播种前处理,包括未经处理的种子(对照),在室温下在自来水中浸泡48小时,在热水(60-70℃)中浸泡48小时(热划伤),用锉刀(机械划伤),刮刀+在自来水中浸泡24小时(联合处理)和在浓硫酸(98.5%)中浸泡1,2或3小时(化学划伤)。播种于直径16 cm的塑料罐中(10粒/罐),灌满约1.5 kg等量的砂和粘土(1:1,v: v),结果表明:种子萌发率最高(G%);在两个季节中,用热水浸泡48 h的处理均能使种子萌发率达到50%或更高,而对照和其他处理均不能使萌发率达到50%或更高。发芽率指数、活力指数、种子活力和上胚轴长度均以热水处理最佳。室温下用自来水浸泡48 h对种子的吸水量没有影响,而其他处理对该参数的影响较大,用锉刀刨削和浸泡的种子吸水量最大。用H2SO4浸泡3小时,然后用热水浸泡种子。但是,前一种处理使种子在前24 h吸水量最大,之后吸水量稳定,后一种处理则使种子吸水持续到浸泡时间结束。在幼苗营养和根系生长测量以及叶片色素、总可溶性糖和吲哚含量方面也出现了类似的反应,因为热水处理的平均值最高。此外,不同的处理导致酚类物质浓度的显著下降,其中热水处理也记录了最大的下降。综上所述,建议将豆荚树种子在60-70℃的热水中浸泡48 h,以获得最佳的发芽和幼苗生长。
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