1945-1964 WHO's Right to Health?

IF 0.2 4区哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE NTM Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-24 DOI:10.1007/s00048-022-00333-y

Linda M Richards

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Abstract

United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC) and UN agencies utilized techniques of power and negotiation to implement radiation exposure regulations. USAEC affiliated scientists' expertise was cultivated while establishing a radiation protection regime based on classified experiments. World Health Organization (WHO) leadership sought to manifest a human right to health, including a right to protection from radiation contamination. The careers of a few technical experts and interagency UN correspondence shows how American risk models of radiation regulation traveled and ultimately inhibited WHO attempts to frame radiation as a public health threat. The USAEC and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) navigated WHO's way of perceiving radiation with technical experts and bureaucratic and legislative means. This paper shows the underpinning at the UN of competing models of radiation regulation, one state centric and the other, an individual right to health. This narrative provides insights into the nature of the UN's current conceptualization of radiation regulation and argues for further research into UN, radiation, and human rights history.

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1945-1964 世卫组织的健康权？

美国原子能委员会（USAEC）和联合国机构利用权力和谈判技巧来实施辐照法规。美国原子能委员会下属科学家在建立基于机密实验的辐射防护制度的同时，也培养了自己的专业知识。世界卫生组织（WHO）领导层试图体现人类的健康权，包括免受辐射污染的权利。一些技术专家的职业生涯和联合国机构间的通信显示了美国的辐射监管风险模式是如何传播并最终抑制了世卫组织将辐射视为公共健康威胁的尝试。美国辐射委员会和国际原子能机构（IAEA）通过技术专家和官僚立法手段，引导世卫组织对辐射的认知方式。本文展示了联合国内相互竞争的辐射监管模式的基础，一种是以国家为中心，另一种是个人健康权。这一叙述深入揭示了联合国当前辐射监管概念的性质，并主张进一步研究联合国、辐射和人权历史。

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NTM HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-

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