Comparative Analysis and Models for Losses in Electrical Energy in Low Voltage Devices

Abstract

Electrical energy losses in low-voltage devices can have a significant impact on the overall efficiency of an electrical system. In this research, a comprehensive comparative analysis of losses in electrical energy in low-voltage devices, including transformers, cables, and switchgear was presented. Experiments to measure the losses under varying operating conditions, such as loads, ambient temperatures, and frequencies were conducted. The data collected from the experiments were then analyzed to identify the major contributors to losses in each device with models for these devices to predict the losses accurately. The models were based on analytical and empirical approaches, considering various factors such as size, insulation type, and operating conditions. The models were validated using the data collected from the experiments, and the results showed good agreement between the predicted and measured losses. The findings show that losses in low-voltage devices depend on various factors and can be significant. Transformers losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents were found to be effective at high loads. In cables, losses were higher at higher frequencies due to skin and proximity effects. In switchgear, losses were dependent on the type of switch used. The models developed in this study can help in identifying the significant contributors to losses and predicting the overall efficiency of an electrical system. The results of this study can be used in the design and optimization of low-voltage devices to improve their efficiency and reduce energy losses which can lead to significant savings in energy costs and improve the overall sustainability of electrical systems.